基礎 · Unit 26
比較級
比較級是比較兩個對象、表示其中一方「比較」的形態，短的單字加 -er，長的單字加 more，後面再用 than 接上比較的對象。
概念說明
比較級是比較兩個對象、表示其中一方「比較~」的形態，短的單字加 -er，長的單字加 more，後面再用 than 接上比較的對象。
A. 比較級的構成規則 — -er / more
1~2 音節的短形容詞·副詞在後面加 -er，3 音節以上的長單字在前面加 more 來構成比較級。公式分成 -er / more + 原級 兩種，拼字上以 -e 結尾的只加 -r，子音+y 要把 y 改成 i 再加 -er，短母音+短子音則要重複一個子音。
| 原級 | 比較級 | 規則 |
|---|---|---|
| tall | taller | 基本 -er |
| nice | nicer | 以 -e 結尾就加 -r |
| happy | happier | 子音+y → i + er |
| big | bigger | 短母音+短子音 → 子音重複一個 |
| useful | more useful | 3 音節以上 → more |
| beautiful | more beautiful | 3 音節以上 → more |
- My brother is older than me. (我哥哥年紀比我大。)
- This story is funnier than the last one. (這個故事比上一個有趣。)
- Today feels hotter than yesterday. (今天感覺比昨天熱。)
- His speech was more interesting than I expected. (他的演講比我預期的有趣。)
B. 不規則的比較級 — good / bad / much / little
有幾個常用的單字不加 -er·more，而是變成完全不同的形態。形容詞和副詞有時會共用同一個比較級，good·well 兩個都是 better，bad·badly 兩個都是 worse。
| 原級 | 比較級 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| good / well | better | I feel better now. |
| bad / badly | worse | The traffic is worse today. |
| much / many | more | I have more time now. |
| little | less | She has less work today. |
| far | farther / further | It's farther than I thought. |
- Your English is better than mine. (你的英文比我好。)
- The weather is worse today than yesterday. (今天的天氣比昨天差。)
- I need more information about the trip. (我需要更多關於這趟旅行的資訊。)
- He earns less money than before. (他賺的錢比以前少。)
C. 比較級 + than — 接上比較的對象
在比較級後面加上 than，再接上要比較的對象，就成為完整的比較句。在比較級前面加上 much, a lot, a little, far 可以強調差距的程度。
| 強調用法 | 例句 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| much + 比較級 | She is much taller than me. | 高很多 |
| a lot + 比較級 | It's a lot colder today. | 冷很多 |
| a little + 比較級 | I feel a little better. | 好一點 |
| far + 比較級 | This is far more difficult. | 難很多 |
- My apartment is smaller than yours. (我的公寓比你的小。)
- This coffee is much stronger than the one I usually drink. (這杯咖啡比我平常喝的濃很多。)
- She speaks Korean better than I do. (她的韓語說得比我好。)
- The exam was a little easier than last time. (這次考試比上次簡單一點。)
重點整理
- 11\~2 音節的短單字加 -er，3 音節以上的長單字用 more 構成比較級，這是形態的基本骨架。(例: taller, more useful)
- 2以 -e 結尾只加 -r，子音+y 改成 i+er，短母音+短子音要重複一個子音，這些拼字規則經常出現。(例: nice→nicer, happy→happier, big→bigger)
- 3good/well → better，bad/badly → worse，much/many → more，little → less 是必須整組背下來的不規則比較級。
- 4than 後面的代名詞照理說要用主格，但會話中用受格也很自然。(例: taller than I am / taller than me)
- 5在比較級前面加上 much, a lot, a little, far 就能強調差距的程度，是很實用的說法。(例: much bigger, a little cheaper)
- 6very 是用來強調原級的，要強調比較級時得用 much。(例: much bigger — very bigger 是錯的)
例句
Anna is taller than Tom.
Anna 比 Tom 高。
My brother is older than me.
我哥哥年紀比我大。
This bag is bigger than that one.
這個包包比那個大。
Today is hotter than yesterday.
今天比昨天熱。
This story is funnier than the last one.
這個故事比上一個有趣。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She is taller than her sister.
This is better than that.
The traffic is worse today.
My apartment is much bigger than yours.
He is happier now.