基礎 · Unit 19
現在完成式的否定句與疑問句
現在完成式的否定句是在 have / has 後面加上 not，疑問句則是把 Have / Has 移到主詞前面來構成。後面的過去分詞不管在哪種情況下形態都不會變，而縮寫(haven't / hasn't)在會話中自然得多。
概念說明
現在完成式的否定句是在 have / has 後面加上 not，疑問句則是把 Have / Has 移到主詞前面來構成。後面的過去分詞不管在哪種情況下形態都不會變，而縮寫(haven't / hasn't)在會話中自然得多。
A. 否定句 — have / has + not + 過去分詞
現在完成式的否定句是在 have / has 後面放 not，然後直接接過去分詞。在會話中幾乎都用 haven't / hasn't 縮寫，第三人稱單數主詞用 hasn't。
| 主詞 | 原形 | 縮寫 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | have not + p.p. | haven't + p.p. | I haven't seen him. |
| he / she / it | has not + p.p. | hasn't + p.p. | She hasn't called. |
| 單數名詞 | has not + p.p. | hasn't + p.p. | Anna hasn't left yet. |
- We haven't met before. (我們以前沒有見過面。)
- He hasn't finished his homework. (他還沒把功課寫完。)
- I haven't been to Europe. (我沒有去過歐洲。)
- The kids haven't eaten breakfast yet. (孩子們還沒吃早餐。)
B. 疑問句 — Have / Has + 主詞 + 過去分詞
現在完成式的疑問句是把 have / has 移到主詞前面，後面再接過去分詞。語序統一成 Have / Has + 主詞 + 過去分詞 ~? 這一個，回答時不是用 do / does，而是原樣再用一次 have / has。
| 主詞 | 疑問句語序 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | Have + 主詞 + p.p.? | Have you finished? |
| he / she / it | Has + 主詞 + p.p.? | Has she arrived? |
| 單數名詞 | Has + 主詞 + p.p.? | Has Anna called? |
| 問句 | 肯定回答 | 否定回答 |
|---|---|---|
| Have you eaten? | Yes, I have. | No, I haven't. |
| Has he left? | Yes, he has. | No, he hasn't. |
- Have you ever tried Korean food? (你有吃過韓國菜嗎？)
- Has she read this book? (她讀過這本書嗎？)
- Have they already left? (他們已經離開了嗎？)
- Has it stopped raining? (雨停了嗎？)
C. How long ~? 疑問句 — 多久
要問從過去到現在持續了多久的時候，用 How long + have/has + 主詞 + 過去分詞 ~? 這個語序，回答則用 for + 期間或 since + 時間點。這是和 U18 C 學過的 for / since 成對出現的代表性實戰句型。
| 問句 | 回答 |
|---|---|
| How long have you worked here? | For three years. / Since 2022. |
| How long has she studied English? | For five years. |
| How long have they known each other? | Since college. |
- How long have you lived in this city? (你在這個城市住多久了？)
- How long has he worked at that company? (他在那家公司工作多久了？)
- How long have you had this car? (這輛車你有多久了？)
- How long have they been married? (他們結婚多久了？)
重點整理
- 1現在完成式的否定句只要在 have / has 後面加 not，後面的過去分詞維持原樣，請遵守這個規則。(例: I haven't seen him.)
- 2在會話中 haven't / hasn't 縮寫自然得多，第三人稱單數主詞用 hasn't，請熟悉這個慣用法。(例: She hasn't called.)
- 3現在完成式的疑問句只要把 Have / Has 移到主詞前面就完成了，請把這個語序整組記起來。(例: Have you eaten?)
- 4回答時不是用 do / does，而是原樣再用一次 have / has，這是和一般動詞疑問句最關鍵的差異。(例: Yes, I have. / No, he hasn't.)
- 5以 How long ~? 開頭的現在完成式疑問句，要用 for + 期間、since + 時間點來回答，請把這一組記起來。(例: For five years. / Since 2020.)
例句
I haven't finished my report yet.
我還沒寫完報告。
She hasn't called me back.
她還沒回我電話。
We haven't met the new manager.
我們還沒見過新來的經理。
He hasn't eaten anything all day.
他一整天什麼都沒吃。
The kids haven't done their homework.
孩子們還沒寫功課。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I haven't finished it.
She hasn't called me.
Have you seen this movie?
Has she arrived yet?
Yes, I have.