基礎 · Unit 20
現在完成進行式
現在完成進行式的形態是 have / has been + 動詞-ing，強調從過去某個時間點開始的動作一直持續到現在。如果說現在完成式的焦點在結果和經驗，那麼進行式的焦點就在那個動作延續到此刻的「過程」本身。
概念說明
現在完成進行式的形態是 have / has been + 動詞-ing，強調從過去某個時間點開始的動作一直持續到現在。如果說現在完成式的焦點在結果和經驗，那麼進行式的焦點就在那個動作延續到此刻的「過程」本身。
A. 形態 — have / has been + 動詞-ing
現在完成進行式是在配合主詞的 have 或 has 後面放上 be 動詞的過去分詞 been，再接上動詞-ing。公式是 have / has been + 動詞-ing 三個部分，只有第三人稱單數主詞才用 has been。
| 主詞 | have/has been + 動詞-ing | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | have been + 動詞-ing | I have been reading. |
| he / she / it | has been + 動詞-ing | She has been reading. |
| 單數名詞 | has been + 動詞-ing | Anna has been reading. |
否定句是 haven't been / hasn't been + 動詞-ing，疑問句則用 Have / Has + 主詞 + been + 動詞-ing? 的語序來造。
- I have been learning Japanese this year. (我今年一直在學日文。)
- He has been working out every day. (他每天都持續在運動。)
- They haven't been sleeping well. (他們一直睡不好。)
- Has she been feeling better? (她有覺得好一點了嗎？)
B. 和現在完成式的差別 — 完結的結果 vs 持續進行
現在完成式(have + p.p.)的焦點在動作完結後留下的結果，現在完成進行式(have been + -ing)的焦點則在動作持續到現在的過程。同樣的情況，焦點放在哪裡不同，選擇的時態也會不同。
| 時態 | 焦點 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在完成式 (完結、結果) | 已經做完，留下結果 | I have written three emails. |
| 現在完成進行式 (持續進行) | 到現在都還在做 | I have been writing emails all morning. |
| 現在完成式 (經驗次數) | 到目前為止幾次 | She has read this book twice. |
| 現在完成進行式 (持續到現在) | 現在也還在繼續 | She has been reading this book for two weeks. |
- I have painted the wall. (我把牆漆完了。)
- I have been painting the wall all day. (我一整天都在漆這面牆。)
- He has read three books this month. (他這個月讀完了三本書。)
- He has been reading all afternoon. (他整個下午都在看書。)
C. 常一起使用的說法 — for / since / all day
現在完成進行式強調持續了多久，所以常和 for(期間)、since(時間點)、all day / all week 這類表示持續的說法搭配使用。用 How long ~? 提問時，也能很自然地回答。
| 說法 | 後面接什麼 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 期間 | I have been waiting for an hour. |
| since | 時間點 | She has been working since 9 a.m.. |
| all day / all week | 一整天、整個星期 | It has been snowing all day. |
| lately / recently | 最近 | I have been feeling tired lately. |
| How long ~? | 多久 | How long have you been studying? |
- She has been talking on the phone for an hour. (她已經講了一個小時的電話。)
- We have been living in this city since 2018. (我們從 2018 年開始就住在這座城市。)
- The kids have been playing outside all afternoon. (孩子們整個下午都在外面玩。)
- How long have you been learning Korean? (你學韓文學多久了？)
重點整理
- 1現在完成進行式由 have / has been + 動詞-ing 三個部分組成，這個形態是第一個重點。(例: She has been working.)
- 2現在完成式的焦點在完結的結果，現在完成進行式的焦點在延續到現在的過程，請用語感掌握這個差別。(例: I have painted — 漆完了 / I have been painting — 還在繼續漆)
- 3和 for(期間)、since(時間點)、all day / all week 這類表示持續的說法搭配，強調持續了多久，這個用法在實戰中很有用。
- 4know, like, love, want, have(擁有)這類狀態動詞，原則上不用在現在完成進行式，請記住這個例外。(例: I have known him for years. — I have been knowing him. 是錯的)
- 5中文的「一直在~、~到現在、持續~中」大致對應現在完成進行式，抓到這個語感，選擇時態就會變得容易。
例句
I have been working all morning.
我整個早上都一直在工作。
She has been studying for three hours.
她已經念了三個小時的書。
We have been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.
我們已經等公車等了 20 分鐘。
He has been learning Chinese since last year.
他從去年開始就一直在學中文。
They have been playing tennis all afternoon.
他們整個下午都在打網球。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I have been working all day.
She has been studying for three hours.
He has been waiting for an hour.
I have known him for years.
We have been living here for ten years.