基礎 · Unit 52
動名詞 — 基本意思與解釋
動名詞是「動詞 + -ing」的形態，帶有「做這件事」的意思，扮演名詞的角色，可以自由地放進主詞、受詞、補語、介系詞的受詞這些位置。它只是形態和進行式相同，文法功能完全不同，是名詞。
概念說明
動名詞是「動詞 + -ing」的形態，帶有「做~這件事」的意思，扮演名詞的角色，可以自由地放進主詞、受詞、補語、介系詞的受詞這些位置。它只是形態和進行式相同，文法功能完全不同，是名詞。
A. 形態與基本意思 — 動詞 + ing
動名詞是在原形動詞後面加上 -ing 造出來的名詞，帶有「做這件事、做」的意思。動詞 + -ing = 動名詞 就是它的公式。
| 原形動詞 | 動名詞 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| read | reading | 讀這件事 |
| swim | swimming | 游泳這件事 |
| study | studying | 唸書這件事 |
| travel | traveling | 旅行這件事 |
| listen | listening | 聽這件事 |
- Swimming is good for your health. (游泳對健康很好。)
- She loves traveling to new places. (她非常喜歡到新的地方旅行。)
- Learning a new language takes time. (學習一種新語言很花時間。)
B. 在句子裡的名詞角色 — 四個位置
動名詞是名詞，所以主詞、及物動詞的受詞、be 動詞的補語、介系詞的受詞這四個位置全都可以放。尤其 介系詞後面一定要用動名詞 這條規則，會在下一個單元詳細說明。
| 位置 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 主詞 | Jogging every morning is healthy. |
| 受詞 | I like reading mystery novels. |
| 補語 | My hobby is painting. |
| 介系詞的受詞 | Thank you for helping me. |
- Waking up early is difficult for me. (早起對我來說很難。)
- She enjoys watching movies at night. (她喜歡在晚上看電影。)
- His favorite activity is fishing. (他最喜歡的活動是釣魚。)
- I'm interested in learning Spanish. (我對學西班牙文有興趣。)
C. 只以動名詞當受詞的動詞
enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、keep、give up、practice、suggest 的受詞一定要用動名詞，用 to 不定詞就會變得不自然。像成對的東西一樣一起背起來會比較輕鬆。
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy -ing | 享受做~ | I enjoy reading. |
| finish -ing | 做完~ | We finished eating. |
| mind -ing | 介意做~ | Do you mind waiting? |
| avoid -ing | 避免做~ | She avoids meeting him. |
| keep -ing | 持續做~ | He keeps calling me. |
| give up -ing | 放棄~ | I gave up smoking. |
| practice -ing | 練習~ | We practice speaking English. |
- I really enjoy cooking at home. (我真的很享受在家做菜。)
- Have you finished doing your homework? (功課都做完了嗎？)
- Would you mind opening the window? (可以請你把窗戶打開嗎？)
- He avoided answering the question. (他避開了回答那個問題。)
重點整理
- 1動名詞是「動詞 + -ing」的形態，是意思為「做~這件事」的名詞，可以自由用在主詞、受詞、補語、介系詞的受詞位置，請先抓住這個大方向。(例: Reading is fun.)
- 2enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、keep、give up、practice、suggest 一定以動名詞當受詞，請把這些組合整組背起來。(例: I enjoy cooking.)
- 3動名詞當主詞時，動詞一律用單數來接，請遵守這條規則。(例: Reading books is fun.)
- 4中文裡「做~這件事、~這件事」放在名詞位置的情況，大多可以用動名詞來表達。(例: My hobby is painting.)
- 5動名詞只是形態和進行式(be + -ing)相同，在扮演名詞角色這一點上是完全不同的東西，請不要搞混。(例: I like swimming. / I am swimming.)
例句
Reading books is my favorite hobby.
讀書是我最喜歡的興趣。
Swimming is very good for your health.
游泳對健康非常好。
Waking up early is difficult for me.
早起對我來說很難。
I enjoy cooking Italian food at home.
我享受在家做義大利菜。
She finished writing the report.
她寫完了報告。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I enjoy cooking.
She finished writing the report.
Do you mind waiting?
Reading books is my hobby.
He avoided answering.
I gave up smoking.