基礎 · Unit 53
動名詞 — 介系詞 + 動名詞
介系詞後面要接動詞時，一定要用動名詞(-ing)的形態，這條原則毫無例外，適用於所有介系詞。這是會話和寫作中最常出錯的地方，成對記起來就能減少錯誤。
概念說明
介系詞後面要接動詞時，一定要用動名詞(-ing)的形態，這條原則毫無例外，適用於所有介系詞。這是會話和寫作中最常出錯的地方，成對記起來就能減少錯誤。
A. 大原則 — 介系詞後面接動名詞
介系詞後面只能接名詞或代名詞，要接動詞時，只允許用扮演名詞角色的動名詞(-ing)。公式是 介系詞 + 動名詞。
| 介系詞 | + 動名詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| about | reading | I'm thinking about reading more. |
| for | coming | Thank you for coming. |
| after | eating | Wash your hands after eating. |
| before | leaving | Turn off the light before leaving. |
| without | saying | He left without saying goodbye. |
- I'm thinking about moving to a new city. (我正在考慮搬到一個新城市。)
- Wash your hands before eating. (吃飯前請先洗手。)
- She left the room without saying a word. (她一句話也沒說就離開了房間。)
- We watched TV after finishing dinner. (我們吃完晚餐後看了電視。)
B. 常用的組合 — be good at / interested in / by / on
be good at、be interested in、instead of、by、on -ing 這類常用的組合，當成一個說法整組記起來，實戰時會比較方便。其中 by -ing 表示「藉由~」的手段，on -ing 表示「一~就」的時間點。
| 說法 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| be good at -ing | 擅長~ | She is good at singing. |
| be interested in -ing | 對~有興趣 | I'm interested in cooking. |
| be afraid of -ing | 害怕~ | He is afraid of flying. |
| instead of -ing | 代替~ | Let's walk instead of driving. |
| by -ing | 藉由~ | I learn by listening. |
| on -ing | 一~就 | On arriving, he called me. |
- She is very good at speaking three languages. (她非常擅長說三種語言。)
- I'm interested in studying psychology. (我對研究心理學有興趣。)
- He is afraid of making mistakes. (他害怕犯錯。)
- You can save money by cooking at home. (在家自己煮就可以省錢。)
C. to 是介系詞的情況 — look forward to / be used to -ing
look forward to、be used to、object to 的 to 不是 to 不定詞的 to，而是介系詞，所以後面接的不是原形動詞而是動名詞。這是必須整組背下來的例外。
| 說法 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| look forward to -ing | 期待~ | I look forward to seeing you. |
| be used to -ing | 習慣~ | She is used to living alone. |
| get used to -ing | 逐漸習慣~ | I got used to waking up early. |
| object to -ing | 反對~ | They object to raising the fee. |
| in addition to -ing | 除了~之外 | In addition to studying, she works. |
- I'm looking forward to meeting you again. (我很期待再次見到你。)
- She is used to working late at night. (她習慣工作到深夜。)
- I can't get used to driving on the left. (我沒辦法習慣靠左行駛。)
- We look forward to hearing from you soon. (我們期待很快收到你的回覆。)
重點整理
- 1介系詞後面要接動詞時，一定要用動名詞(-ing)的形態，這條原則適用於所有介系詞，沒有例外，請把這個大原則記起來。(例: Thank you for coming.)
- 2be good at、be interested in、be afraid of、instead of、by、on 後面一定接動名詞，請把這些組合成對記起來。(例: She is good at singing.)
- 3look forward to、be used to、get used to、object to 的 to 是介系詞，所以後面接動名詞，請記住這個例外。(例: I look forward to seeing you.)
- 4be used to -ing(習慣~)和 used to + 原形動詞(以前常~)意思完全不同，請不要搞混。(例: She is used to living alone. / She used to live in Busan.)
- 5by -ing 表示手段(藉由~)，on -ing 表示時間點(一~就)，without -ing 表示否定(沒有~就)，都是很好用的慣用法。(例: You can save money by cooking.)
例句
She is good at speaking Spanish.
她擅長說西班牙文。
I'm interested in learning Japanese.
我對學日文有興趣。
He is afraid of flying in small planes.
他害怕搭小飛機。
Let's walk instead of taking a taxi.
我們用走的，不要搭計程車。
You can improve by practicing every day.
你可以靠每天練習來進步。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She is good at singing.
Thank you for helping me.
I look forward to seeing you.
He is used to working late.
I'm interested in learning Chinese.
He left without saying goodbye.