基礎 · Unit 6
現在進行式的否定句
現在進行式的否定句是在 be 動詞(am / is / are)後面加上 not，表示「沒有在」。語序是「主詞 + be 動詞 + not + 動詞-ing」，非常單純，在會話中縮寫(isn't, aren't)用得頻繁得多。
概念說明
現在進行式的否定句是在 be 動詞(am / is / are)後面加上 not，表示「沒有在~」。語序是「主詞 + be 動詞 + not + 動詞-ing」，非常單純，在會話中縮寫(isn't, aren't)用得頻繁得多。
A. 否定句語序 — be 動詞 + not + 動詞-ing
現在進行式的否定句只要在 be 動詞的正後面加上 not 就完成了。主詞 + be 動詞 + not + 動詞-ing 這個語序是唯一的規則。
| 主詞 | 否定句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am + not + -ing | I am not eating. |
| he / she / it | is + not + -ing | She is not eating. |
| you / we / they | are + not + -ing | They are not eating. |
- I am not working today. (我今天沒有在工作。)
- He is not driving the car. (他沒有在開車。)
- They are not listening to me. (他們沒有在聽我說話。)
B. 縮寫 — isn't / aren't / I'm not
在會話中把 is not → isn't、are not → aren't 這樣縮寫很自然，而 am not 沒有縮寫形，只能用 I'm not 這個形式。amn't 這個形式並不存在 ，請記住這個例外。
| 原形 | 縮寫 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| am not | I'm not | I'm not watching TV. |
| is not | isn't | She isn't studying. |
| are not | aren't | We aren't waiting. |
- I'm not feeling well today. (我今天身體不太舒服。)
- She isn't coming to the party. (她不會來參加派對。)
- The kids aren't playing outside. (孩子們沒有在外面玩。)
- It isn't snowing right now. (現在沒有在下雪。)
C. 狀態動詞與進行式的否定
know, like, love, want, have(擁有)這類狀態動詞原則上不用在進行式，所以要否定的時候也不是用進行式，而是用一般動詞的否定句(don't/doesn't)。這個區別在實際會話中很容易混淆。
| 狀態動詞 | 進行式否定 (X) | 一般否定 (O) |
|---|---|---|
| know | I am not knowing (X) | I don't know (O) |
| like | She is not liking (X) | She doesn't like (O) |
| want | We are not wanting (X) | We don't want (O) |
| have (擁有) | He is not having a car (X) | He doesn't have a car (O) |
- I don't know the answer. (我不知道答案。)
- She doesn't want more coffee. (她不想再喝咖啡了。)
- He doesn't have a car. (他沒有車。)
- They don't like spicy food. (他們不喜歡辣的食物。)
重點整理
- 1現在進行式的否定句唯一的規則就是在 be 動詞的正後面加上 not，語序是「主詞 + be + not + 動詞-ing」，很單純。
- 2is not = isn't, are not = aren't 這種會話縮寫自然得多，請記住這一點。
- 3am not 沒有縮寫形，amn't 並不存在，只能用 I'm not 這個形式，請務必記住這個例外。
- 4know, like, want, have(擁有)這類狀態動詞不用進行式，所以否定的時候也用 don't/doesn't + 原形動詞，要把這個區別分清楚。
- 5be 動詞後面的 not 絕對不能移到別的位置，請遵守這個語序規則。
例句
I am not watching TV right now.
我現在沒有在看電視。
She is not studying at the library.
她沒有在圖書館唸書。
We are not eating dinner yet.
我們還沒有在吃晚餐。
He is not driving to work today.
他今天沒有開車去上班。
They are not listening to music.
他們沒有在聽音樂。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I'm not watching TV.
She is not studying.
We aren't waiting.
He doesn't have a car.
I don't know him.