基礎 · Unit 2
一般動詞的過去式 (不規則動詞)
不規則動詞不遵守 -ed 規則，而是用形態完全改變(go → went)，或是形態維持不變(put → put)這樣的方式來構成過去式。越常用的動詞不規則變化越多，所以把代表性的動詞整組背下來是實際會話的關鍵。
概念說明
不規則動詞不遵守 -ed 規則，而是用形態完全改變(go → went)，或是形態維持不變(put → put)這樣的方式來構成過去式。越常用的動詞不規則變化越多，所以把代表性的動詞整組背下來是實際會話的關鍵。
A. 形態完全改變的不規則動詞
最常用的不規則動詞，過去式的形態大多會有很大的變化，這一組一定要整組背起來。可以說 常用的 20 個不規則動詞是實際會話的骨架。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 原形 | 過去式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | see | saw |
| have | had | do | did |
| eat | ate | drink | drank |
| get | got | give | gave |
| take | took | make | made |
| come | came | know | knew |
- I went shopping yesterday. (我昨天去逛街了。)
- She saw her old friend at the park. (她在公園看到了老朋友。)
- We ate dinner at a Chinese restaurant. (我們在中式餐廳吃了晚餐。)
- He took a taxi to the airport. (他搭計程車去機場。)
B. 原形和過去式相同的動詞
put, cut, hit, let, cost, hurt 這幾個動詞的過去式和原形維持完全相同的形態。這是必須靠上下文來分辨時態的特殊群組。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| put | put | I put the keys on the table. |
| cut | cut | She cut the paper carefully. |
| hit | hit | The ball hit the window. |
| let | let | He let me borrow his book. |
| cost | cost | The bag cost $100. |
| hurt | hurt | I hurt my knee yesterday. |
- She put the vase on the shelf. (她把花瓶放在架子上。)
- I cut my finger while cooking. (我做菜的時候切到手指。)
- The trip cost us a lot of money. (那趟旅行花了我們很多錢。)
C. 常用不規則動詞的延伸清單
除此之外還有一些在實際場合常用的不規則動詞，把下表的動詞整組學起來，實際會話就會自然許多。
| 原形 | 過去式 | 原形 | 過去式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| say | said | tell | told |
| think | thought | teach | taught |
| buy | bought | bring | brought |
| find | found | leave | left |
| write | wrote | read | read |
| speak | spoke | meet | met |
- She said hello to me. (她跟我打了招呼。)
- I bought a new phone yesterday. (我昨天買了新手機。)
- He told me a funny story. (他跟我講了一個好笑的故事。)
- We met at the coffee shop. (我們在咖啡廳見面。)
重點整理
- 1不規則動詞不遵守 -ed 規則，一定要把原形和過去式整組背起來，這是第一個原則。
- 2go → went, have → had, see → saw, do → did 這類最常出現的 20 個不規則動詞是實際會話的骨架，請排在最優先學起來。
- 3put, cut, hit, let, cost, hurt 是過去式和原形相同的特殊群組，必須靠上下文分辨時態。
- 4read 的原形和過去式拼法相同，但發音會從 [riːd] 變成 [red]，請記住這個例外。
- 5不規則動詞也一樣，不管主詞的人稱·數如何，都只用一種形態，這條規則和規則動詞相同。
例句
I went to the gym yesterday.
我昨天去了健身房。
She had a great time at the party.
她在派對上玩得很開心。
We saw a beautiful sunset.
我們看到了美麗的夕陽。
He ate a big breakfast this morning.
他今天早上吃了豐盛的早餐。
They got home late last night.
他們昨天晚上很晚才到家。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I went to Paris.
She had a headache.
We ate dinner at 7.
He put the book on the table.
I bought a new phone.