基礎 · Unit 3
一般動詞過去式的否定句
一般動詞過去式的否定句是在動詞前面加上 did not(縮寫 didn't)來構成，這時後面的動詞一定要變回原形。不管主詞的人稱和數是什麼，所有主詞都用 did not。
概念說明
一般動詞過去式的否定句是在動詞前面加上 did not(縮寫 didn't)來構成，這時後面的動詞一定要變回原形。不管主詞的人稱和數是什麼，所有主詞都用 did not。
A. 否定句的語序 — did not + 原形動詞
一般動詞的過去否定句一定要遵守「主詞 + did not + 原形動詞」的語序，因為 did 已經表示過去，後面的動詞要變回原形。did not 後面的動詞絕對不加 -ed 這一點要特別小心。
| 主詞 | 助動詞 | 動詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / You / He / She / We / They | did not | 原形 | I did not go. |
| 單數、複數名詞 | did not | 原形 | Anna did not go. |
- I did not eat lunch yesterday. (我昨天沒有吃午餐。)
- She did not come to the party. (她沒有來參加派對。)
- We did not watch TV last night. (我們昨晚沒有看電視。)
B. 縮寫 — didn't
在會話和日常書寫中，把 did not 縮寫成 didn't 來用自然得多。縮寫時用撇號(')代替 o。
| 完整形式 | 縮寫 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| did not | didn't | I didn't see her. |
| did not | didn't | She didn't answer the phone. |
- I didn't sleep well last night. (我昨晚沒有睡好。)
- He didn't finish his homework. (他沒有寫完功課。)
- We didn't know the answer. (我們不知道答案。)
- They didn't understand the question. (他們不懂那個問題。)
C. 動詞變回原形的原因
因為 did 已經扮演表示過去的助動詞角色，後面的動詞就不再標記時態，直接用原形。這是學習初期很常出錯的地方，一定要熟記。
| 肯定句 (過去) | 否定句 (變回原形) |
|---|---|
| She went home. | She didn't go home. |
| He ate lunch. | He didn't eat lunch. |
| We saw the movie. | We didn't see the movie. |
| I had breakfast. | I didn't have breakfast. |
- He didn't go to work yesterday. (他昨天沒有去上班。)
- She didn't have time to call. (她沒有時間打電話。)
- We didn't see the concert. (我們沒有看那場演唱會。)
- They didn't know about the meeting. (他們不知道那場會議的事。)
重點整理
- 1一般動詞過去式的否定句一定要遵守「主詞 + did not(didn't) + 原形動詞」的語序，這是唯一的規則。
- 2did not 後面的動詞不加 -ed，一定要變回原形，這是初級學習者最常出錯的地方。
- 3會話中 didn't 的縮寫自然得多，知道這一點就能更接近自然的英語。
- 4be 動詞過去式的否定句(was not / were not)和一般動詞過去式的否定句(did not)絕對不能混用，這個區別很重要。
- 5did 不分人稱和數，所有主詞都直接這樣用，這是很方便的特點。
例句
I did not go to work yesterday.
我昨天沒有去上班。
She did not eat breakfast this morning.
她今天早上沒有吃早餐。
We did not watch the movie last night.
我們昨晚沒有看那部電影。
He did not call me back.
他沒有回電話給我。
They did not come to the meeting.
他們沒有來開會。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He didn't go to school.
She didn't eat lunch.
I didn't see the movie.
We didn't come to the party.
They didn't go home.