入門 · Unit 14
一般動詞的否定句
一般動詞的否定句是在動詞前面加上 do not / does not 來構成，此時後面的動詞一定要變回原形。主詞是第三人稱單數(he / she / it)時用 does not，其餘用 do not，在會話中縮寫的 don't / doesn't 用得更頻繁。
概念說明
一般動詞的否定句是在動詞前面加上 do not / does not 來構成，此時後面的動詞一定要變回原形。主詞是第三人稱單數(he / she / it)時用 does not，其餘用 do not，在會話中縮寫的 don't / doesn't 用得更頻繁。
A. 否定句的語序 — do / does + not + 原形動詞
一般動詞的否定句一定要遵守「主詞 + do / does + not + 原形動詞」的語序，後面的動詞要變回原形。does not 後面的動詞不加 -s 這一點要特別小心。
| 主詞 | 助動詞 | 動詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | do not | 原形 | I do not know. |
| He / She / It | does not | 原形 | He does not know. |
| 單數名詞 | does not | 原形 | Anna does not know. |
- I do not eat meat. (我不吃肉。)
- She does not have a car. (她沒有車。)
- The store does not open on Mondays. (那家店星期一不營業。)
B. 縮寫 — don't / doesn't
在會話和日常書寫中，把 do not → don't、does not → doesn't 這樣縮寫起來會自然得多。縮寫的時候用撇號(')代替 o。
| 原形 | 縮寫 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| do not | don't | I don't know. |
| does not | doesn't | She doesn't know. |
- We don't live near here. (我們不住在這附近。)
- I don't like horror movies. (我不喜歡恐怖片。)
- He doesn't drink alcohol. (他不喝酒。)
- Anna doesn't work on weekends. (Anna 週末不工作。)
C. 動詞變回原形的理由
does not 裡面已經含有 -s，代替了第三人稱單數的 -s 規則，所以後面的動詞用原形。學習初期很容易在這條規則上出錯，要特別注意。
| 肯定句 (第三人稱單數) | 否定句 (變回原形) |
|---|---|
| She likes coffee. | She doesn't like coffee. |
| He goes to school. | He doesn't go to school. |
| It rains in summer. | It doesn't rain in summer. |
| Anna has a dog. | Anna doesn't have a dog. |
- He doesn't play tennis. (他不打網球。)
- She doesn't watch TV. (她不看電視。)
- My dog doesn't eat carrots. (我家的狗不吃紅蘿蔔。)
- Anna doesn't have any siblings. (Anna 沒有兄弟姊妹。)
重點整理
- 1一般動詞的否定句遵守「主詞 + do / does + not + 原形動詞」的語序，這是唯一要記住的語序規則。
- 2does not 後面的動詞不加 -s，一定要變回原形，這是初級學習者最常出錯的地方。
- 3在會話中 don't / doesn't 的縮寫自然得多，記住這一點就能更接近道地的英語。
- 4be 動詞的否定句(is not / are not)和一般動詞的否定句(do not / does not)絕對不能混用，這個區別很重要。
- 5don't have to 是「不需要~」的意思，表示的不是禁止而是不必要，這個慣用法也一起記起來吧。
例句
I do not eat breakfast.
我不吃早餐。
You do not need a ticket.
你不需要票。
He does not smoke.
他不抽菸。
She does not drive at night.
她晚上不開車。
The store does not sell coffee.
那家店不賣咖啡。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
He doesn't like coffee.
She doesn't like pizza.
I don't eat breakfast.
They don't work here.
She doesn't go to school.