基本 · Unit 10
過去進行形の疑問文
過去進行形の疑問文は was / were を主語の前に移動して作り、文の最後にクエスチョンマークをつけます。答えは Yes / No のうしろに主語と was / were をもう一度入れて短く答え、短縮は否定の答えにだけ使います。
概念の説明
過去進行形の疑問文は was / were を主語の前に移動して作り、文の最後にクエスチョンマークをつけます。答えは Yes / No のうしろに主語と was / were をもう一度入れて短く答え、短縮は否定の答えにだけ使います。
A. 疑問文の語順 — was / were + 主語 + 動詞-ing
平叙文の was / were を主語の前に移動するだけで疑問文になります。was / were + 主語 + 動詞-ing + ? という語順が唯一のルールです。
| 平叙文 | 疑問文 |
|---|---|
| You were reading. | Were you reading? |
| He was sleeping. | Was he sleeping? |
| They were coming. | Were they coming? |
| It was raining. | Was it raining? |
- Were you working late last night? (昨夜、遅くまで働いていましたか?)
- Was she waiting for me? (彼女は私を待っていましたか?)
- Were they having dinner? (彼らは夕食を食べていましたか?)
B. Yes / No の短い答え
過去進行の疑問文には Yes / No のうしろに「主語 + was / were」または「主語 + wasn't / weren't」で短く答えます。肯定の答えでは短縮を使わず、否定の答えでのみ短縮が自然です。
| 質問 | 肯定の答え | 否定の答え |
|---|---|---|
| Were you studying? | Yes, I was. | No, I wasn't. |
| Was she cooking? | Yes, she was. | No, she wasn't. |
| Were they playing? | Yes, they were. | No, they weren't. |
| Was it raining? | Yes, it was. | No, it wasn't. |
- Was Anna at the party dancing? — Yes, she was. (Anna はパーティーで踊っていましたか? はい、踊っていました。)
- Were you feeling okay last night? — No, I wasn't. (昨夜は大丈夫でしたか? いいえ、よくありませんでした。)
- Were the kids sleeping? — Yes, they were. (子どもたちは寝ていましたか? はい、寝ていました。)
C. 疑問詞 + was / were + 主語 + 動詞-ing
What / Where / When / Why / How のような疑問詞のうしろに was / were + 主語 + 動詞-ing を続けると、具体的な情報を尋ねる過去進行の疑問文になります。このパターンは昨日やそのとき何をしていたかを尋ねるときによく使われます。
| 疑問詞 | 例の質問 | 例の答え |
|---|---|---|
| What | What were you doing at 9? | I was watching TV. |
| Where | Where was she going? | To the library. |
| Why | Why were they laughing? | Because of a joke. |
| How | How were you feeling? | I was feeling tired. |
| Who | Who were you talking to? | My friend Anna. |
- What were you thinking about? (何を考えていましたか?)
- Where was he going in such a hurry? (彼はそんなに急いでどこへ行っていましたか?)
- Why were you crying yesterday? (昨日、なぜ泣いていたのですか?)
- Who were they waiting for? (彼らは誰を待っていましたか?)
重要ポイント
- 1過去進行の疑問文は was / were を主語の前に移動するだけで完成するという語順が唯一のルールです。
- 2答えでは肯定は短縮せず(Yes, I was)、否定だけ短縮する(No, I wasn't)という慣用が自然な英語です。
- 3答えには必ず主語と was/were をもう一度入れなければならないという点を覚えておきましょう。(X: Yes, was. / O: Yes, I was.)
- 4What were you doing? は「何をしていましたか?」という慣用表現で、実践会話でとてもよく使われるという点を押さえておきましょう。
- 5疑問詞 + was/were + 主語 + 動詞-ing の語順をまとめて覚えておけば、過去の状況を細かく尋ねることができるという拡張ルールを覚えておいてください。
例文
Were you sleeping when I called?
私が電話したとき、寝ていましたか?
Were you working late last night?
昨夜、遅くまで働いていましたか?
Was she cooking dinner at that time?
そのとき、彼女は夕食を作っていましたか?
Was he driving to the airport?
彼は空港へ車を運転していましたか?
Were they watching the football game?
彼らはサッカーの試合を見ていましたか?
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こんな間違いに注意
Were you reading?
Was she cooking?
Were they playing?
Where were you going?
Yes, I was.