基礎 · Unit 21

疑問詞

疑問詞是在 Yes / No 的回答不夠用時,用來詢問具體資訊(人、事物、時間、地點、理由、方法)而放在句首的字,who / what / when / where / why / how 這六個是基本。

概念說明

疑問詞是在 Yes / No 的回答不夠用時,用來詢問具體資訊(人、事物、時間、地點、理由、方法)而放在句首的字,who / what / when / where / why / how 這六個是基本。

 

A.  疑問詞的種類 — 六個基本組合 

這六個基本疑問詞各自詢問不同種類的資訊,放在句首先告訴對方「要問的是什麼」

疑問詞詢問的內容代表性的回答例
who人 (誰)Anna. / My friend.
what事物、行為 (什麼)A book. / Studying.
when時間 (什麼時候)At 3 p.m. / Yesterday.
where地點 (哪裡)In the kitchen. / At school.
why理由 (為什麼)Because I'm tired.
how方法、狀態 (怎麼、如何)By bus. / Great.
  • Who called you last night? (昨天晚上是誰打電話給你?)
  • What are you doing? (你在做什麼?)
  • Why is she late? (她為什麼遲到?)

 

B.  疑問詞後的語序 — be 動詞 vs 一般動詞 

疑問詞後的語序,是 be 動詞的話就用「疑問詞 + be 動詞 + 主詞」,一般動詞的話就用「疑問詞 + do / does / did + 主詞 + 原形動詞」,助動詞句子則是把助動詞放在 do 的位置。公式統一成疑問詞 + do/does/did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 這一個。

後面接的動詞語序例句
be 動詞疑問詞 + is/are/was + 主詞 ~?Where is your bag?
一般動詞 (現在)疑問詞 + do/does + 主詞 + 原形動詞 ~?What do you want?
一般動詞 (過去)疑問詞 + did + 主詞 + 原形動詞 ~?When did she arrive?
助動詞 (will, can 等)疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞 ~?How can I help you?
  • Who is your English teacher? (你的英文老師是誰?)
  • Where does he work? (他在哪裡工作?)
  • When did you meet Anna? (你什麼時候認識 Anna 的?)
  • How will you get there? (你要怎麼去那裡?)

 

C.  疑問詞疑問句的回答 

疑問詞疑問句不能用 Yes / No 來回答,必須具體提供被問到的資訊。在會話中也常常不用完整的句子,只簡短回答核心資訊。

問句完整的回答簡短的回答
Who is she?She is my sister.My sister.
What are you eating?I am eating pizza.Pizza.
When does the store open?It opens at 9.At 9.
Where do you live?I live in Busan.In Busan.
Why are you late?Because I missed the bus.I missed the bus.
How are you?I am fine, thanks.Fine.
  • Who called you? — It was Kevin. (是誰打電話給你?是 Kevin。)
  • What time is it? — It's 3 p.m. (現在幾點?下午三點。)
  • Where are you from? — I'm from Korea. (你從哪裡來?我從韓國來。)
  • Why do you look tired? — Because I didn't sleep well. (你為什麼看起來很累?因為我沒睡好。)

重點整理

  1. 1疑問詞永遠放在句首,先告訴對方「要問的是什麼」。(例: Where do you live?)
  2. 2who 放在主詞位置時不用 do / does,直接接動詞,這是一個例外。(例: Who called you? — Who did call you? 是錯的)
  3. 3像 What time / What day / What color 這樣在 what 後面加名詞就能問得更具體,這種慣用組合很常用。(例: What time is it?)
  4. 4疑問詞疑問句不用 Yes / No,而是用被問到的資訊具體回答。(例: Where do you live? — In Busan.)
  5. 5中文的「誰 / 什麼 / 什麼時候 / 哪裡 / 為什麼 / 怎麼」和 who / what / when / where / why / how 一對一對應

例句

Who is that woman over there?
那邊那位女士是誰?
Who called you last night?
昨天晚上是誰打電話給你?
What are you doing right now?
你現在正在做什麼?
What do you want for dinner?
你晚餐想吃什麼?
When does the movie start?
電影什麼時候開始?
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

Where you live?
Where do you live?
What she wants?
What does she want?
When did you went there?
When did you go there?
Who did call you?
Who called you?
How you are today?
How are you today?
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