基礎 · Unit 22
疑問詞 what / which
what 用來在範圍開放的廣泛對象中發問，which 則用在已經縮小、範圍確定的選項中挑一個。
概念說明
what 用來在範圍開放的廣泛對象中發問，which 則用在已經縮小、範圍確定的選項中挑一個。
A. what — 範圍開放的廣泛對象
what 用在候選對象沒有特別限定、任何東西都可能是答案的情況，廣泛地詢問「什麼」。
| 使用情境 | 例子 | 回答範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 廣泛詢問喜好、資訊 | What is your name? | Kevin. |
| 自由詢問想要什麼 | What do you want for lunch? | Anything is fine. |
| 時間、星期、日期的慣用說法 | What time is it? / What day is today? | 3 p.m. / Monday. |
| 職業、主修的慣用說法 | What do you do? | I'm a teacher. |
- What is your favorite movie? (你最喜歡的電影是什麼？)
- What are you cooking? (你在煮什麼？)
- What time does the store open? (那家店幾點開門？)
- What do you study at university? (你在大學主修什麼？)
B. which — 在縮小的範圍中選擇
which 用在候選對象已經縮小到幾個，要從中挑一個的問句。代表句型是 which + 名詞 + A or B，把兩個選項並排提出。
| 使用情境 | 例子 | 回答範例 |
|---|---|---|
| A or B 兩者擇一 | Which do you want, tea or coffee? | Coffee, please. |
| 從眼前的東西中挑 | Which is yours? | The blue one. |
| 在確定的群組之內 | Which student got the highest score? | Anna did. |
| 方向、路線等特定對象 | Which way is the exit? | That way. |
- Which do you like better, summer or winter? (夏天和冬天，你比較喜歡哪一個？)
- Which bus goes to City Hall? (哪一班公車會到市政府？)
- Which seat would you like? (你想要哪一個座位？)
- Which one is Anna's book? (哪一本是安娜的書？)
C. what / which + 名詞
在 what 和 which 後面加上名詞，就能用「什麼樣的~ / 哪一個~」的意思問得更具體，而範圍寬(what)與範圍窄(which)的語感依然不變。
| 形式 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| what + 名詞 | 什麼樣的~ (沒有範圍) | What color do you like? |
| which + 名詞 | 哪一個~ (有範圍) | Which color do you want, red or blue? |
| what kind of + 名詞 | 哪一種~ | What kind of music do you like? |
| which one | 哪一個 | Which one is cheaper? |
- What language do you speak at home? (你在家裡說什麼語言？)
- Which language is easier for you, Korean or Japanese? (韓語和日語，哪一個對你來說比較容易？)
- What kind of food do you prefer? (你偏好哪一種食物？)
- Which restaurant should we go to tonight? (今天晚上我們該去哪一家餐廳？)
重點整理
- 1what 用在範圍開放的問句，which 用在從已經確定的候選中挑一個的問句，這個語感是兩個疑問詞的核心差異。
- 2which 常以 A or B 的形式把兩個選項並排，或用在從眼前確定的對象中挑選，這樣最自然。(例: Which do you want, tea or coffee?)
- 3what time / what day / what kind of ~ 這種 what + 名詞的組合，是像慣用語一樣整組使用的說法。(例: What time is it?)
- 4which one 意思是「哪一個」，是眼前有好幾個時要指出其中一個來問的常用慣用說法。
- 5就算情境相同，候選縮小了就用 which，還開放著就用 what，用這個語感來判斷。(例: What color? / Which color, red or blue?)
例句
What is your favorite color?
你最喜歡的顏色是什麼？
What do you do on weekends?
你週末都做些什麼？
What time does the meeting start?
會議幾點開始？
What kind of music do you like?
你喜歡哪一種音樂？
What are you reading these days?
你最近在讀什麼？
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
What is your name?
Which of these bags is yours?
What do you do for a living?
Which one is cheaper, this or that?
What time is it now?