進階 · Unit 4
未來完成式、未來完成進行式
未來完成式(will have + p.p.)表示到未來某個特定時間點為止的完成，未來完成進行式(will have been + 動詞-ing)表示到那個時間點為止的持續。兩種時態都會和by + 未來時間點的表達成對出現。
概念說明
未來完成式(will have + p.p.)表示到未來某個特定時間點為止的完成，未來完成進行式(will have been + 動詞-ing)表示到那個時間點為止的持續。兩種時態都會和by + 未來時間點的表達成對出現。
A. 未來完成式 — will have + 過去分詞
未來完成式是在 will have 後面接動詞的過去分詞來造句，表示到未來某個特定時間點為止某件事已經結束。請把will have + 過去分詞 = 到未來時間點為止完成 這個公式整個學起來。
| 主詞 | will have + p.p. | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I | will have + p.p. | I will have finished by 5. |
| you | will have + p.p. | You will have arrived by then. |
| he / she / it | will have + p.p. | She will have left by noon. |
| we | will have + p.p. | We will have eaten by 7. |
| they | will have + p.p. | They will have gone by Monday. |
- I will have written three emails by lunch. (到午餐時間為止，我會把三封電子郵件都寫好。)
- By next month, he will have saved enough money. (到下個月，他就會存到足夠的錢了。)
- The workers will have completed the bridge by December. (工人們會在12月之前把橋完工。)
B. 未來完成進行式 — will have been + 動詞-ing
未來完成進行式是在 will have been 後面接動詞-ing 來造句，強調到未來某個特定時間點為止，某個動作已經持續了多久。焦點不在完成而在持續，這就是和未來完成式的決定性差異。
| 時態 | 形態 | 強調點 |
|---|---|---|
| 未來完成式 | will have + p.p. | 到未來時間點為止的完成 |
| 未來完成進行式 | will have been + -ing | 到未來時間點為止的持續期間 |
- Next year, I will have been teaching English for ten years. (到明年，我就教英語教滿10年了。)
- By 6 p.m., she will have been studying for six hours straight. (到下午6點，她就連續讀了6個小時的書了。)
- When you arrive, we will have been driving all day. (你到的時候，我們就已經開了一整天的車了。)
- By the end of the month, they will have been dating for two years. (到這個月底，他們就交往滿2年了。)
C. by + 未來時間點的表達
未來完成式和未來完成進行式會和 by + 未來時間點(by tomorrow, by next year, by the time ~)成對出現，明確表示是到哪個時間點為止的完成、持續。沒有 by 的話基準時間點就模糊了，所以兩者常一起出現。
| 表達 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| by tomorrow | 到明天為止 | I will have finished it by tomorrow. |
| by next year | 到明年為止 | We will have moved by next year. |
| by the time ~ | 到~的時候 | By the time you come, dinner will have been ready. |
| in five years | 5年後 | In five years, she will have been working here for ten years. |
- By next Friday, I will have submitted the application. (到下星期五為止，我會把申請書送出去。)
- By the time the concert starts, they will have been standing in line for hours. (演唱會開始的時候，他們就已經排了好幾個小時的隊了。)
- By 2030, we will have built three new stations. (到2030年為止，我們會蓋好三個新車站。)
- By the end of this year, she will have been studying Korean for two years. (到今年年底，她就學韓語學滿2年了。)
重點整理
- 1未來完成式是 will have + 過去分詞，未來完成進行式是 will have been + 動詞-ing，兩種時態不管主詞是誰形態都不變，這是形態的核心。(例: She will have finished, They will have been working.)
- 2未來完成式的焦點在有沒有完成，未來完成進行式的焦點在持續了多久，意思因此分開，把這個語感學起來。(例: will have written three emails / will have been writing for two hours.)
- 3未來完成式、未來完成進行式大多會和 by + 未來時間點成對出現，請記住這一點。(例: By next year, I will have graduated.)
- 4狀態動詞(know、love、have 等)不能用進行式，所以要用未來完成式而不是未來完成進行式，請遵守這個規則。(例: I will have known him for 10 years.)
- 5中文的「會先~好」、「到時候已經~了」、「已經~了幾年了」可以很自然地對應到這兩個時態，把這個語感抓起來。
例句
I will have finished the report by Friday.
到星期五為止，我會把報告完成。
She will have graduated by next spring.
到明年春天，她就已經畢業了。
By 2030, they will have lived here for twenty years.
到2030年，他們就在這裡住滿20年了。
By the time you arrive, dinner will have been ready.
你到的時候，晚餐就已經準備好了。
The workers will have completed the bridge by December.
工人們會在12月之前把橋完工。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She will have graduated by spring.
By next year, I will have worked here for five years.
By 6 p.m., she will have been studying for hours.
I will have known him for ten years.
By tomorrow, I will have finished the book.