基礎 · Unit 29
命令句
命令句不用主詞(You),直接以原形動詞開頭,用來向對方傳達指示、請求或建議,否定命令句則是在前面加上 Don't。
概念說明
命令句不用主詞(You),直接以原形動詞開頭,用來向對方傳達指示、請求或建議,否定命令句則是在前面加上 Don't。
A. 肯定命令句 — 以原形動詞開頭
肯定命令句不用主詞,把原形動詞放在句首,用來傳達指示、請求、建議、問候等。be 動詞也用原形 be,不加第三人稱 -s,也不做時態變化。
| 形態 | 例子 | 情境 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般原形動詞 | Open the door. | 指示、請求 |
| Be + 形容詞 | Be quiet, please. | 狀態請求 |
| 原形動詞 + 受詞 | Take your umbrella. | 建議 |
| Have + 名詞 | Have a nice day! | 問候、祝福 |
- Come in and sit down. (請進來坐下。)
- Turn left at the corner. (在轉角向左轉。)
- Listen to me carefully. (請仔細聽我說。)
- Enjoy your meal. (請慢用。)
B. 否定命令句 — Don't + 原形動詞
否定命令句在原形動詞前面加上 Don't,表示「請不要~」的禁止或提醒。公式是 Don't + 原形動詞 這個形式,be 動詞也沒有例外,一樣用 Don't be。
| 肯定命令句 | 否定命令句 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| Open the window. | Don't open the window. | 請不要開窗戶。 |
| Touch it. | Don't touch it. | 請不要碰那個。 |
| Be late. | Don't be late. | 請不要遲到。 |
| Worry about it. | Don't worry about it. | 請不要擔心。 |
- Don't run in the hallway. (請不要在走廊上奔跑。)
- Don't forget to lock the door. (別忘了鎖門。)
- Don't be afraid to ask questions. (不要害怕發問。)
- Don't tell anyone about this. (這件事不要告訴任何人。)
C. Please 的位置與委婉的請求說法
Please 放在句首或句尾都可以,能讓命令句變得客氣,在會話中放在句尾會稍微自然一些。想說得更委婉時,也常改成 Could you ~? / Would you ~? 的疑問句。
| 說法 | 例子 | 語感 |
|---|---|---|
| 命令句 | Close the door. | 直接 |
| Please + 命令句 | Please close the door. | 客氣 |
| 命令句 + please | Close the door, please. | 客氣、委婉 |
| Could you + 原形動詞? | Could you close the door? | 非常客氣、請求 |
| Would you + 原形動詞? | Would you close the door? | 客氣、請求 |
- Please have a seat. (請坐。)
- Pass me the salt, please. (請把鹽遞給我。)
- Could you speak more slowly? (可以請你說慢一點嗎?)
- Would you turn off the light? (可以請你把燈關掉嗎?)
重點整理
- 1命令句不用主詞,直接以原形動詞開頭,而且從語境就知道這句話一定是對 you (你) 說的。(例: Open the window.)
- 2be 動詞的命令句要用原形 be,am/is/are 絕對不能用在命令句裡。(例: Be careful — Are careful 是錯的)
- 3否定命令句不管是哪個動詞,只要在前面加上 Don't 就好,be 動詞也沒有例外,一律用 Don't be 的形式。(例: Don't be shy.)
- 4Please 放在句首或句尾都能讓命令句變得客氣,在會話中放在句尾聽起來更委婉。(例: Sit down, please.)
- 5Could you / Would you + 原形動詞? 是比命令句客氣得多的請求說法,面對陌生人或正式場合都很自然。(例: Could you speak more slowly?)
- 6像 Have a nice day / Enjoy your meal 這類慣用問候語,形式上也是命令句結構,常用來表達問候與祝福。
例句
Open the window, please.
請把窗戶打開。
Sit down and relax.
請坐下來放輕鬆。
Come in and have a seat.
請進來坐。
Turn left at the traffic light.
在紅綠燈那裡向左轉。
Listen to me carefully.
請仔細聽我說。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
Open the window.
Open the door.
Be quiet, please.
Don't touch that.
Don't worry.