入門 · Unit 9
主詞與 be 動詞
be 動詞是會隨著主詞變成 am / is / are 三種形態,並且兼具「是」與「在」兩種意思的英語基本動詞。原則上 I 後面用 am,第三人稱單數(he·she·it)後面用 is,其餘(you·we·they)後面用 are,而縮寫形(I'm、he's 等)也很常用。
概念說明
be 動詞是會隨著主詞變成 am / is / are 三種形態,並且兼具「是」與「在」兩種意思的英語基本動詞。原則上 I 後面用 am,第三人稱單數(he·she·it)後面用 is,其餘(you·we·they)後面用 are,而縮寫形(I'm、he's 等)也很常用。
A. 各主詞的 be 動詞形態
be 動詞會依照主詞的人稱與數變成 am / is / are 三種形態,把這些配對背得精確就是學習 be 動詞的第一步。請把 I 用 am,he·she·it 用 is,you·we·they 用 are 整組記起來。
| 主詞 | be 動詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am a doctor. |
| you | are | You are kind. |
| he / she / it | is | He is tall. / It is cold. |
| we | are | We are friends. |
| they | are | They are students. |
- I am from Korea. (我來自韓國。)
- You are very tall. (你長得很高。)
- It is a beautiful day. (今天是美好的一天。)
- They are in the park. (他們在公園裡。)
B. be 動詞的兩種意思
be 動詞會依照後面接的詞語,兼具「是」(職業、性質、狀態)與「在」(位置)兩種意思。中文裡「是」和「在」是兩個不同的動詞,英語卻用一個動詞同時承擔這兩種意思,所以要看後面接的是什麼,再決定解讀的方向。
| be 動詞後面 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 名詞、形容詞 | 是 | She is a teacher. / He is kind. |
| 場所的表達 | 在 | We are at home. / They are in the office. |
- Anna is a nurse. (Anna 是護士。)
- The weather is sunny today. (今天天氣晴朗。)
- My keys are on the table. (我的鑰匙在桌上。)
- The children are in the garden. (孩子們在花園裡。)
C. 縮寫形 — 會話中常用的形態
在會話和日常的文章裡,把「主詞 + be 動詞」縮寫起來使用會自然得多。縮寫時要加上撇號('),並去掉 be 動詞開頭的字母。
| 完整形 | 縮寫形 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I'm | I'm a student. |
| you are | you're | You're kind. |
| he is | he's | He's busy. |
| she is | she's | She's tall. |
| it is | it's | It's cold. |
| we are | we're | We're friends. |
| they are | they're | They're late. |
- I'm very tired today. (我今天非常累。)
- You're a great cook. (你是很棒的廚師。)
- She's from Japan. (她來自日本。)
- We're at the coffee shop. (我們在咖啡店。)
重點整理
- 1be 動詞會隨著主詞變成 I → am,he·she·it → is,you·we·they → are 三種形態,把這些配對背起來是第一步。
- 2中文的形容詞句可以不用「是」,但英語句子裡一定要有 be 動詞,這是與中文最大的差異。
- 3be 動詞一個字就兼具「是」(職業、狀態)與「在」(位置)兩種意思,這是它的特徵。(例: She is a nurse. / She is at home.)
- 4在會話中 I'm、you're、he's 這類縮寫形自然得多,知道這一點就能更接近自然的英語。
- 5像「A and B」這樣的複合主詞是兩個人,所以一律當作複數,要用 are,請記住這一點。(例: Zoe and I are friends.)
例句
I am a college student.
我是大學生。
You are very kind.
你非常親切。
He is my older brother.
他是我的哥哥。
She is a doctor.
她是醫生。
It is really cold today.
今天真的很冷。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I am tired.
She is a nurse.
He is my brother.
We are happy.
I am a student.