Lanjutan · Unit 76
Pengandaian campuran
Pengandaian campuran berbentuk 'If + subjek + had + partisip lampau(syarat lampau), subjek + would/could/might + bentuk dasar(hasil kini)', yaitu ungkapan yang dipakai ketika keadaan kebalikan di masa lampau masih berdam…
Penjelasan
Pengandaian campuran berbentuk 'If + subjek + had + partisip lampau(syarat lampau), subjek + would/could/might + bentuk dasar(hasil kini)', yaitu ungkapan yang dipakai ketika keadaan kebalikan di masa lampau masih berdampak sampai sekarang.
A. If + had + p.p. (lampau) , would + bentuk dasar (kini)
Pengandaian campuran memakai bentuk kala lampau sempurna hanya di anak kalimat if, sedangkan induk kalimatnya memakai bentuk pengandaian kala lampau (would/could/might + bentuk dasar). Hafalkan rumus campuran If + had + partisip lampau, would + bentuk dasar sebagai satu kesatuan.
| Susunan | Perpaduan waktu | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| If + had p.p., would + dasar | syarat lampau → hasil kini | If I had studied, I would be rich now. |
| If + had p.p., could + dasar | syarat lampau → kemampuan kini | If I had learned French, I could speak it now. |
| If + had p.p., might + dasar | syarat lampau → kemungkinan kini | If she had accepted, she might be here now. |
- If I had gone to bed earlier, I wouldn't be tired now. (Seandainya dulu saya tidur lebih awal, sekarang saya pasti tidak lelah.)
- If he had listened to advice, he would have a better job now. (Seandainya dulu dia mendengarkan nasihat, sekarang pekerjaannya pasti lebih baik.)
- If they had left earlier, they would be home by now. (Seandainya dulu mereka berangkat lebih awal, sekarang mereka pasti sudah di rumah.)
- If I had bought that stock, I could retire now. (Seandainya dulu saya membeli saham itu, sekarang saya pasti bisa pensiun.)
B. Makna — kebalikan lampau berdampak kini
Pengandaian campuran membayangkan pilihan lampau yang sudah terjadi itu dibalik, lalu menyatakan bahwa akibatnya berdampak pada keadaan 'sekarang'. Karena itu, di induk kalimatnya sering ikut muncul kata keterangan waktu kini seperti now, today, atau still.
| Nuansa | Contoh | Garis waktu |
|---|---|---|
| Sesal atas pilihan lampau | If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. | lampau (tidak kuliah) → kini (bukan dokter) |
| Kecewa atas kekeliruan lampau | If he hadn't lied, we would still be friends. | lampau (berbohong) → kini (bukan teman) |
| Khayalan tentang yang tak dilakukan | If she had moved to Seoul, she would live near me. | lampau (tidak pindah) → kini (tinggal jauh) |
| Syarat lampau → kemampuan kini | If I had practiced piano, I could play it now. | lampau (tidak berlatih) → kini (tidak bisa) |
- If I had learned to drive, I wouldn't need taxis now. (Seandainya dulu saya belajar menyetir, sekarang saya pasti tidak perlu naik taksi.)
- If she had accepted his proposal, they would be married by now. (Seandainya dulu perempuan itu menerima lamarannya, sekarang mereka pasti sudah menikah.)
- If we hadn't sold the house, we would live in the countryside. (Seandainya dulu kami tidak menjual rumah itu, sekarang kami pasti tinggal di desa.)
- If I had studied harder in college, I would have a better career. (Seandainya dulu saya belajar lebih giat di bangku kuliah, sekarang karier saya pasti lebih baik.)
C. Contoh utama — adu garis waktu
Supaya pengandaian campuran dipahami dengan jelas, cara yang mujarab adalah menaruh 'kenyataan lampau' dan 'kenyataan sekarang' sebagai satu pasang, lalu mengadunya dengan kalimat yang muncul kalau pasangan itu dibalik.
| Kenyataan lampau → kenyataan kini | Pengandaian campuran (dibalik) |
|---|---|
| I didn't study. → I am not a doctor. | If I had studied, I would be a doctor. |
| She took the job in Paris. → She lives there. | If she hadn't taken the job, she wouldn't live there. |
| We spent all our money. → We are broke. | If we hadn't spent all our money, we wouldn't be broke. |
| He didn't practice. → He can't play well. | If he had practiced, he could play well. |
- If I hadn't eaten too much, I wouldn't feel sick now. (Seandainya dulu saya tidak makan berlebihan, sekarang perut saya pasti tidak mual.)
- If she hadn't missed the flight, she would be in New York today. (Seandainya dulu dia tidak ketinggalan pesawat, hari ini dia pasti ada di New York.)
- If we had booked the hotel, we would have a room now. (Seandainya dulu kami memesan hotel, sekarang kami pasti punya kamar.)
- If he hadn't quit his job, he would be rich now. (Seandainya bulan lalu dia tidak berhenti bekerja, sekarang dia pasti kaya.)
Poin penting
- 1Inti bentuk pengandaian campuran adalah susunan 'campur': kala lampau sempurna (had p.p.) di anak kalimat if dipasangkan dengan pengandaian kala lampau (would + dasar) di induk kalimat. (Contoh: If I had studied, I would be a doctor now.)
- 2Sebagai isyarat bahwa kala induk kalimatnya adalah 'sekarang', kata keterangan seperti now·today·still sering ikut muncul — biasakan merasakannya. (Contoh: I would be rich now.)
- 3Kalau hanya anak kalimat if-nya yang dilihat, bentuknya sama persis dengan pengandaian kala lampau sempurna; pembedanya adalah induk kalimat yang tanpa have (would + dasar) — ingat itu. (campuran: would be / lampau sempurna: would have been)
- 4Pengandaian campuran menyatakan bahwa pilihan lampau berdampak pada keadaan sekarang, jadi terasa paling wajar ketika memuat penyesalan atau kekecewaan — kenali nuansanya. (Contoh: If I hadn't quit, I would have money now.)
- 5Pengandaian campuran pun tetap pengandaian, jadi di dalam anak kalimat if-nya would maupun will tidak pernah dipakai; yang dipakai hanya had + partisip lampau — patuhi asas ini. (Contoh: If I had studied, ...)
Contoh
If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
Seandainya dulu saya belajar lebih giat, sekarang saya pasti seorang dokter.
If she had taken that job, she would live in Paris now.
Seandainya dulu dia menerima pekerjaan itu, sekarang dia pasti tinggal di Paris.
If we had saved money, we could buy a house now.
Seandainya dulu kami menabung, sekarang kami pasti bisa membeli rumah.
If I hadn't quit my job, I would have more money now.
Seandainya dulu saya tidak berhenti bekerja, sekarang uang saya pasti lebih banyak.
If he had married her, they would have kids now.
Seandainya dulu dia menikahi perempuan itu, sekarang mereka pasti punya anak.
Unit ini punya contoh lainnya. Daftar untuk melihat dan mendengarkan semuanya.
Kesalahan umum
If I had studied, I would be a doctor now.
If I had known, I would be there now.
If she had taken the job, she would live in Paris now.
If we had saved money, we could buy a house now.
If I hadn't quit, I would have more money now.
Pastikan Anda benar-benar paham
Membaca aturan dan menerapkannya itu berbeda. Saat salah, AI menunjukkan materi mana yang menghambat Anda.
Berlatih gratis