Lanjutan · Unit 75
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna berbentuk 'If + subjek + had + partisip lampau, subjek + would/could/might + have + partisip lampau', yaitu ungkapan untuk membayangkan keadaan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan lampau yan…
Penjelasan
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna berbentuk 'If + subjek + had + partisip lampau, subjek + would/could/might + have + partisip lampau', yaitu ungkapan untuk membayangkan keadaan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan lampau yang sudah berlalu.
A. If + had + p.p., would/could/might + have + p.p.
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna memasangkan had + partisip lampau (kala lampau sempurna) di anak kalimat if dengan would/could/might + have + partisip lampau di induk kalimat. Hafalkan rumus If + had + p.p., would have + p.p. sebagai satu kesatuan.
| Susunan | Nuansa | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| If + had p.p., would have p.p. | pasti sudah begitu | If I had known, I would have called. |
| If + had p.p., could have p.p. | pasti sudah bisa begitu | If she had tried, she could have won. |
| If + had p.p., might have p.p. | mungkin sudah begitu | If we had left earlier, we might have caught it. |
- If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn't have been late. (Seandainya dulu saya bangun lebih awal, saya pasti tidak akan terlambat.)
- If they had invited us, we would have come. (Seandainya dulu mereka mengundang kami, kami pasti sudah datang.)
- If she had studied medicine, she could have become a doctor. (Seandainya dulu dia kuliah kedokteran, dia pasti sudah bisa menjadi dokter.)
- If I had taken the bus, I might have arrived on time. (Seandainya dulu saya naik bus, saya mungkin sudah tiba tepat waktu.)
B. Makna — kebalikan fakta lampau
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna membalik peristiwa lampau yang sudah terjadi, jadi di belakang kalimatnya selalu tersembunyi makna '(nyatanya tidak begitu)'. Sering dipakai untuk menyampaikan perasaan seperti penyesalan, kekecewaan, kelegaan, atau celaan.
| Nuansa | Contoh | Makna tersirat |
|---|---|---|
| Penyesalan | If I had studied more, I would have passed. | tidak belajar, lalu gagal |
| Kekecewaan | If we had left earlier, we would have caught the flight. | berangkat telat, lalu ketinggalan |
| Kelegaan | If I hadn't worn a helmet, I would have been hurt. | karena memakainya, tidak terluka |
| Celaan | If you had told me, I would have helped. | tidak diberi tahu, jadi tidak membantu |
- If I hadn't slept in, I would have caught the bus. (Seandainya dulu saya tidak bangun kesiangan, saya pasti sudah sempat naik bus.)
- If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him. (Seandainya dulu laki-laki itu minta maaf, perempuan itu pasti sudah memaafkannya.)
- If I had brought an umbrella, I wouldn't have gotten wet. (Seandainya dulu saya membawa payung, saya pasti tidak akan kebasahan.)
- If she had told me the truth, I wouldn't have been upset. (Seandainya dulu dia mengatakan yang sebenarnya kepada saya, saya pasti tidak akan marah.)
C. Gambaran kala — nyata vs khayalan
Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna menatap 'satu titik di masa lampau' pada garis waktu lalu membalik pilihan pada saat itu, jadi nuansanya baru hidup kalau perlawanan antara yang benar-benar terjadi dan yang dibayangkan dikuasai dengan jelas.
| Nyatanya (fakta) | Khayalan (kebalikan) |
|---|---|
| I didn't study. → I failed. | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| She left late. → She missed the train. | If she had left early, she wouldn't have missed it. |
| We didn't know. → We didn't help. | If we had known, we would have helped. |
| He didn't apologize. → She stayed angry. | If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him. |
- If I had taken the job, I would have moved to New York. (Seandainya dulu saya menerima pekerjaan itu, saya pasti sudah pindah ke New York.)
- If she hadn't forgotten her passport, she would have boarded the plane. (Seandainya dulu dia tidak lupa paspornya, dia pasti sudah naik pesawat itu.)
- If we had checked the weather, we wouldn't have gone hiking. (Seandainya dulu kami memeriksa cuaca, kami pasti tidak akan pergi mendaki.)
- If he had saved, he could have bought a car. (Seandainya dulu dia menabung, dia pasti sudah bisa membeli mobil.)
Poin penting
- 1Pengandaian kala lampau sempurna membalik kenyataan lampau yang sudah berlalu, jadi di dalamnya pasti tersembunyi makna bahwa nyatanya hal itu tidak dilakukan — itulah intinya. (Contoh: If I had studied, ... → nyatanya tidak belajar)
- 2Susunan gandanya adalah had + partisip lampau di anak kalimat if dan would/could/might + have + partisip lampau di induk kalimat — itulah inti bentuknya. (Contoh: If I had known, I would have called.)
- 3Di dalam anak kalimat if pada pengandaian kala lampau sempurna, would have maupun will have tidak pernah dipakai; yang dipakai hanya had + p.p. — di sinilah kesalahan paling sering terjadi. (Contoh: If I had known, ...)
- 4would/could/might pada induk kalimat hanya berbeda nuansa, dan sesudahnya harus selalu datang have + partisip lampau — patuhi bentuk ini. (Contoh: I would have gone / could have gone)
- 5Dalam percakapan, would have dan could have lazim dipendekkan menjadi would've dan could've — begitulah lafal yang wajar. (Contoh: I would've gone. / He could've helped.)
Contoh
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Seandainya dulu saya belajar lebih giat, saya pasti sudah lulus ujian itu.
If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train.
Seandainya dulu dia berangkat lebih awal, dia pasti sudah sempat naik kereta itu.
If we had known, we would have helped you.
Seandainya dulu kami tahu, kami pasti sudah membantu Anda.
If he had listened to me, he wouldn't have made that mistake.
Seandainya dulu dia mendengarkan saya, dia pasti tidak akan membuat kesalahan itu.
If I had saved money, I could have bought the house.
Seandainya dulu saya menabung, saya pasti sudah bisa membeli rumah itu.
Unit ini punya contoh lainnya. Daftar untuk melihat dan mendengarkan semuanya.
Kesalahan umum
If I had known, I would have told you.
If she had left earlier, she wouldn't have missed the train.
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
If he had listened to me, he wouldn't have failed.
If we had known, we would have come.
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