基礎 · Unit 41
連接詞 (because / if / that)
because 表示原因，if 表示條件，that 引導「這件事」的內容，三者都是從屬連接詞，後面各自要接一個完整的子句(主詞 + 動詞)。特別是 because(後面接子句)和 because of(後面接名詞片語)一定要分清楚。
概念說明
because 表示原因，if 表示條件，that 引導「~這件事」的內容，三者都是從屬連接詞，後面各自要接一個完整的子句(主詞 + 動詞)。特別是 because(後面接子句)和 because of(後面接名詞片語)一定要分清楚。
A. because vs because of — 原因子句與原因名詞片語
because 後面接的是有「主詞 + 動詞」的完整子句，屬於連接詞，because of 後面則接名詞或名詞片語，屬於介系詞用法。請把 because + 子句 / because of + 名詞片語 這組公式整組記起來。
| 形態 | 後面接什麼 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| because | 子句(主詞 + 動詞) | because it was raining |
| because of | 名詞、名詞片語 | because of the rain |
- She was late because she missed the bus. (她因為錯過公車而遲到了。)
- She was late because of the traffic. (她因為交通狀況而遲到了。)
- I couldn't sleep because the room was too hot. (房間太熱了，所以我睡不著。)
- The flight was delayed because of bad weather. (那班班機因為天氣不好而延誤了。)
B. if — 條件副詞子句
if 是引導「如果~的話」這種條件的從屬連接詞，後面要接完整的子句。條件副詞子句裡就算講的是未來的事也要用現在式，主要子句則常出現 will 或命令句。
| 條件子句 (if 子句) | 主要子句 |
|---|---|
| If it rains, | we'll stay home. |
| If you need help, | just call me. |
| If she comes, | tell her to wait. |
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (只要用功念書，就會通過考試。)
- If you are tired, take a rest. (如果累了就休息一下。)
- If it is sunny tomorrow, we'll go hiking. (如果明天天氣晴朗，我們就去健行。)
- I'll call you if I have time. (如果有時間我會打電話給你。)
C. that — 名詞子句連接詞
that 的意思是「~這件事」，用來把一個完整的句子放進名詞的位置，常出現在 think、know、believe、say、hope 這類動詞的受詞位置。會話中經常省略 that。
| 動詞 | + that 子句 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| think | 認為~ | I think that he is kind. |
| know | 知道~這件事 | I know that she is busy. |
| believe | 相信~ | I believe that you can do it. |
| hope | 希望~ | I hope that you feel better. |
| say | 說~ | He says that he is tired. |
- I believe that everything will be okay. (我相信一切都會沒事的。)
- She said that she was busy. (她說她很忙。)
- I hope that you have a great trip. (希望你旅途愉快。)
- We think (that) the movie is good. (我們覺得那部電影很好看。)
重點整理
- 1because 後面接完整的子句，because of 後面接名詞片語。(例: because it rained / because of the rain)
- 2if 條件副詞子句裡，就算講的是未來的事也不用 will，要用現在式，will 只出現在主要子句。(例: If it rains, we 'll stay.)
- 3that 子句放在 think、know、believe、hope、say 這類動詞後面的受詞位置，會話中經常被省略。(例: I think (that) she's right.)
- 4because 和 so 的意思正好相反(原因與結果)，所以不會在同一個句子裡一起用。(例: I stayed home because I was sick. — Because I was sick, so I stayed. 是錯的)
- 5if 用在條件，when 用在確定會發生的事。(例: If he comes, ... = 不確定會不會來 / When he comes, ... = 一定會來)
例句
I was tired because I worked late.
我因為工作到很晚而覺得累。
We stayed inside because it was cold.
因為天氣很冷，我們待在室內。
The road was closed because of the accident.
那條路因為事故而封閉了。
She couldn't come because of her cold.
她因為感冒而不能來。
If you have time, please help me.
如果你有時間，請幫我一下。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She was late because she missed the bus.
The game was canceled because of the rain.
If it snows, we'll stay home.
I stayed home because I was sick.
I think that she is right.