進階 · Unit 16
動名詞 — 否定 (not, never)
要否定動名詞(-ing)時，把 not 或 never 放在動名詞的正前面，表示「不做、沒有做」的意思。這個位置一旦動搖，否定的範圍就完全不同了。
概念說明
要否定動名詞(-ing)時，把 not 或 never 放在動名詞的正前面，表示「不做~、沒有做~」的意思。這個位置一旦動搖，否定的範圍就完全不同了。
A. 語序 — not / never + 動名詞
動名詞的否定，是把 not 或 never 放在動名詞正前面的方式。請把not / never + 動名詞 這個語序整組記起來。
| 形態 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| not + -ing | 不做~這件事 | I regret not calling. |
| never + -ing | 絕不做~這件事 (強調) | He is proud of never quitting. |
- I'm sorry for not replying sooner. (很抱歉沒有早一點回覆你。)
- She thanked me for not telling anyone. (她很感謝我沒有告訴任何人。)
- I regret never learning to swim. (我後悔一直沒有學游泳。)
B. 實戰組合 — regret、apologize for、insist on 等
否定動名詞常常接在 regret、apologize for、thank ~ for、insist on、be proud of 這類說法後面，重點在於否定的不是前面的動詞或介系詞，而只是動名詞。
| 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| regret + not -ing | I regret not going to college. |
| apologize for + not -ing | She apologized for not coming. |
| thank ~ for + not -ing | Thanks for not telling him. |
| insist on + not -ing | He insisted on not paying. |
| be proud of + never -ing | I'm proud of never lying. |
- I apologize for not answering your email. (我為沒有回覆你的電子郵件道歉。)
- She was upset about not being invited. (她因為沒有受到邀請而感到難過。)
- Thank you for not making a scene. (謝謝你沒有大吵大鬧。)
- I insisted on not staying any longer. (我堅持不再多待了。)
C. 句子否定 vs 動名詞否定 — 語序差異
要否定整個句子時 not 接在助動詞或 be 動詞後面，但只否定動名詞時 not 一定要放在動名詞前面。這兩個位置一旦顛倒，否定的範圍就完全不同了。
| 類型 | 否定的位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 句子否定 | 助動詞、be + not | I do not enjoy reading. |
| 動名詞否定 | not + 動名詞 | I regret not reading that book. |
| 強烈的動名詞否定 | never + 動名詞 | I regret never reading that book. |
- I don't like swimming. (我不喜歡游泳。)
- I like not swimming in cold water. (我喜歡不在冷水裡游泳。)
- She isn't afraid of not passing the exam. (她並不害怕沒通過考試。)
- He appreciates not being disturbed. (他很感謝沒有受到打擾。)
重點整理
- 1動名詞的否定，一定要把 not 或 never 放在動名詞的正前面。(例: I regret not going.)
- 2never 的語感比 not 強，強調「絕不做~這件事」。(例: He is proud of never quitting.)
- 3regret、apologize for、thank ~ for、insist on、be proud of 後面常常接否定動名詞。(例: She apologized for not calling.)
- 4否定整句的 not 放在助動詞或 be 動詞後面，否定動名詞的 not 則放在動名詞前面。(例: I don't like reading. vs I like not reading in noise.)
- 5中文的「沒有~」大多對應 not + -ing，「從來沒有~」則對應 never + -ing。(例: not going / never lying)
例句
I regret not going to the party last night.
我後悔昨天晚上沒有去那場派對。
She apologized for not calling me back.
她為沒有回我電話而道歉。
Thank you for not telling anyone my secret.
謝謝你沒有把我的祕密告訴任何人。
He is proud of never giving up.
他以自己從不放棄為榮。
I insisted on not staying at the hotel.
我堅持不住那家旅館。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I regret not going to the party.
She apologized for not calling me.
Thank you for not smoking here.
He is proud of never giving up.
I insisted on not going to the party.