進階 · Unit 15
動名詞 — 與 to 不定詞的比較
動詞在後面接另一個動詞當受詞時，可以分成只能用不定詞的、只能用動名詞的，以及兩種都能用但意思會改變的三類。
概念說明
動詞在後面接另一個動詞當受詞時，可以分成只能用不定詞的、只能用動名詞的，以及兩種都能用但意思會改變的三類。
A. 只接不定詞的動詞 — 計畫、意志、期待
像 want、decide、hope、plan、promise、expect、agree、refuse 這種表示未來要做的事或意志、期待的動詞，後面只能接不定詞。把還沒發生的未來行為當成受詞，是它們共同的語感特徵。
| 動詞 | 語感 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| want | 想要~ | I want to travel abroad. |
| decide | 決定要~ | She decided to quit her job. |
| hope | 希望~ | We hope to see you again. |
| plan | 計畫要~ | They plan to move to Seoul. |
| promise | 答應要~ | He promised to help me. |
| refuse | 拒絕~ | She refused to answer. |
- I hope to visit Paris someday. (我希望有一天能去巴黎。)
- He agreed to sign the contract. (他同意在合約上簽名。)
- We expect to arrive by noon. (我們預計中午前會到。)
B. 只接動名詞的動詞 — 完成、迴避、習慣
像 enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、keep、give up、practice、consider、admit 這種表示已經在做、已經結束或要迴避的行為的動詞，後面只能接動名詞(-ing)。它們把正在經歷或經歷過的行為當成受詞。
| 動詞 | 語感 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy | 享受~ | We enjoy watching movies. |
| finish | 結束~ | He finished writing the report. |
| mind | 介意~ | Do you mind opening the window? |
| avoid | 避免~ | She avoids eating late. |
| keep | 持續~ | They kept talking loudly. |
| give up | 戒掉~ | I gave up smoking last year. |
| practice | 練習~ | She practices playing the piano. |
| consider | 考慮~ | We considered moving abroad. |
| admit | 承認~ | He admitted stealing the money. |
- I finished cleaning the kitchen. (我打掃完廚房了。)
- She avoided answering my question. (她避開了我的問題。)
- Would you mind waiting a moment? (可以請你稍等一下嗎？)
C. 意思會改變的動詞 — remember、forget、try、stop、regret
remember、forget、try、stop、regret 後面接不定詞時指未來要做的事，接動名詞時則指已經做過的事。請把 remember/forget + to V = 未來 / + -ing = 過去 這個公式整組記起來。
| 動詞 | + 不定詞 (還沒做) | + 動名詞 (已經做過) |
|---|---|---|
| remember | 記得要~ | 記得做過~ |
| forget | 忘記要~ | 忘記做過~ |
| try | 努力去~ | 試著~看看 |
| stop | 停下來去~ | 停止~ |
| regret | 很遺憾要~ | 後悔做過~ |
- I remembered to send the email. (我記得要寄那封電子郵件。)
- I remember sending the email. (我記得自己寄過那封電子郵件。)
- She stopped to smoke. (她停下來抽菸。)
- She stopped smoking last year. (她去年戒菸了。)
- I regret telling him the truth. (我後悔告訴了他真相。)
重點整理
- 1want、decide、hope、plan、promise、expect、agree、refuse 帶有面向未來的語感，後面一定要接不定詞。(例: We plan to travel next month.)
- 2enjoy、finish、mind、avoid、keep、give up、practice、consider、admit 帶有進行、完成、迴避的語感，後面一定要接動名詞。(例: I finished writing the report.)
- 3remember、forget + to V 是還沒做的未來的事，remember、forget + -ing 則是已經做過的過去的事。(例: I remember locking the door.)
- 4stop + to V 是「停下來去做~」，stop + -ing 是「不再做~」，意思幾乎完全相反。(例: He stopped smoking.)
- 5like、begin、start、continue 接 to V 和 -ing 都可以，意思幾乎沒有差別。(例: I like reading. = I like to read.)
例句
I want to learn Spanish next year.
我明年想學西班牙文。
She decided to move to a new city.
她決定搬到一個新的城市。
We hope to meet you again soon.
我們希望很快能再見到你。
He promised to call me tonight.
他答應今天晚上會打電話給我。
They refused to sign the agreement.
他們拒絕在那份協議上簽名。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I want to go home.
She enjoys watching movies.
He finished eating lunch.
I remembered to lock the door before I left.
She stopped to smoke when the phone rang.