入門 · Unit 30
There is / There are 的否定句
There is / There are 的否定句是在 be 動詞後面加上 not，表示「沒有、不存在」，會話中縮寫的 There isn't / There aren't 用得頻繁得多。否定句也常用 no + 名詞的形式來表達。
概念說明
There is / There are 的否定句是在 be 動詞後面加上 not，表示「沒有~、不存在」，會話中縮寫的 There isn't / There aren't 用得頻繁得多。否定句也常用 no + 名詞的形式來表達。
A. 否定句的語序 — be 動詞 + not
There is / There are 的否定句唯一的規則就是在 be 動詞(is / are)正後面加上 not，會話中用縮寫的 isn't / aren't 比較自然。
| 句型 | 縮寫 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| There is not | There isn't | There isn't a phone on the desk. |
| There is not | There's not | There's not enough time. |
| There are not | There aren't | There aren't any chairs. |
- There isn't a hospital near here. (這附近沒有醫院。)
- There isn't much coffee left. (咖啡沒剩多少了。)
- There aren't enough seats for everyone. (座位不夠所有人坐。)
- There aren't many students in this class. (這一班的學生不多。)
B. 否定句要搭配 any
There is / are 的否定句裡，後面的名詞搭配 any 一起用非常自然。用 否定句 + any + 名詞 的形式，強烈表達「完全沒有」的意思。
| 句型 | 例子 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| There isn't any + 不可數 | There isn't any water. | 完全沒有水。 |
| There isn't any + 可數單數 | There isn't any time. | 完全沒有時間。 |
| There aren't any + 複數 | There aren't any books. | 完全沒有書。 |
| There aren't any + 複數 | There aren't any people. | 完全沒有人。 |
- There isn't any milk in the fridge. (冰箱裡完全沒有牛奶。)
- There isn't any information about this. (完全沒有關於這件事的資訊。)
- There aren't any tickets available. (完全沒有可以買到的票。)
- There aren't any seats in the front row. (前排完全沒有座位。)
C. 換成 no — 強烈否定
not + any 可以換成 no，no 後面可數名詞(單數、複數)和不可數名詞都能接。意思一樣，但 no 的語感稍微強一些。
| not + any | 換成 no | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| There isn't any milk. | There is no milk. | (完全) 沒有牛奶。 |
| There aren't any books. | There are no books. | (完全) 沒有書。 |
| There isn't any water. | There is no water. | (完全) 沒有水。 |
- There is no time to waste. (沒有時間可以浪費。)
- There are no seats left on the bus. (公車上沒有剩下的座位。)
- There is no answer to that question. (那個問題沒有答案。)
- There are no windows in this room. (這個房間沒有窗戶。)
重點整理
- 1There is / are 的否定句只要在 be 動詞後面加上 not 就好，會話中 isn't / aren't 的縮寫自然得多，這是基本規則。
- 2否定句裡後面的名詞搭配 any 一起用很自然，請記住這個慣用法。(例: There isn't any milk.)
- 3not + any 可以換成 no，意思一樣，但 no 的語感稍微強一些，請把這個延伸說法記起來。
- 4There isn't → There's not 這種替代縮寫也很常用，意思完全一樣，請記住這一點。
- 5不可數名詞永遠用 There isn't / There is no，絕對不能用 aren't / are no，請遵守這個規則。
例句
There isn't a bank on this street.
這條街上沒有銀行。
There isn't any water in the bottle.
瓶子裡完全沒有水。
There isn't much time to prepare.
沒有太多時間可以準備。
There isn't a good movie playing today.
今天沒有好電影在上映。
There isn't any milk left in the fridge.
冰箱裡完全沒有剩下的牛奶。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
There isn't a chair here.
There aren't many people.
There isn't any milk.
There are no cars on the road.
There isn't any water.