入門 · Unit 29
There is / There are
There is / There are 是表示「有」這種存在的句型，依照後面名詞的數，單數用 There is，複數用 There are。這裡的 There 不是「那裡」的意思，而是為了造出句型而放的引導詞。
概念說明
There is / There are 是表示「有~」這種存在的句型，依照後面名詞的數，單數用 There is，複數用 There are。這裡的 There 不是「那裡」的意思，而是為了造出句型而放的引導詞。
A. There is vs There are — 配合後面的名詞
There is 後面接單數名詞或不可數名詞，There are 後面接複數名詞。be 動詞要配合後面名詞的數 這是唯一的規則。
| 句型 | 後面的名詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| There is | 單數 | There is a dog in the yard. |
| There is | 不可數 | There is water in the bottle. |
| There are | 複數 | There are two dogs in the yard. |
| There are | 複數 | There are many stars in the sky. |
- There is a hospital near here. (這附近有一家醫院。)
- There is some coffee left. (還剩下一些咖啡。)
- There are five students in the classroom. (教室裡有五個學生。)
- There are lots of options to choose from. (有很多選項可以挑。)
B. There's 縮寫 — 口語的慣用
在會話中把 There is 縮寫成 There's 來用自然得多，在不可數名詞前面也常常這樣用。There are 原則上不縮寫。
| 原形 | 縮寫形 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| There is | There's | There's a good movie tonight. |
| There are | (不太縮寫) | There are many books. |
- There's a great restaurant in this street. (這條街上有一家很棒的餐廳。)
- There's some soup on the stove. (爐子上有一些湯。)
- There's a lot of traffic today. (今天很塞車。)
- There's somebody at the door. (門口有人。)
C. There is / are + 位置說法
There is / are 句型大多會在後面加上 in / on / at 這類地方介系詞片語，傳達「什麼東西在哪裡」這種完整的資訊。這個模式在描寫房間、家裡、公園等場面時非常常用。
| 語序 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| There is + 單數 + 地方 | There is a lamp on the table. |
| There are + 複數 + 地方 | There are books in the library. |
| There is + 不可數 + 地方 | There is sugar in the jar. |
- There is a big tree in front of my house. (我家前面有一棵大樹。)
- There are many photos on the wall. (牆上有很多照片。)
- There is hot water in the kettle. (水壺裡有熱水。)
- There are three chairs around the table. (桌子周圍有三張椅子。)
重點整理
- 1There is / There are 是表示「有~」這種存在的代表句型，be 動詞要配合後面名詞的數，這個原則是唯一的規則。
- 2這裡的 There 不是「那裡」的意思，只是用來開啟句子的引導詞，這一點對中文母語的學習者來說一開始會覺得陌生。
- 3不可數名詞前面一律用 There is (視為單數)，請把這條規則記起來。(例: There is water / There is sugar)
- 4在會話中把 There is 縮寫成 There's 來用自然得多，請記住這一點。
- 5像 There is a and b 這種 A + B 並列結構，習慣上要讓 be 動詞配合前面那個名詞的數。(例: There is a pen and two books.)
例句
There is a book on the desk.
桌上有一本書。
There is a cat under the sofa.
沙發下面有一隻貓。
There is milk in the fridge.
冰箱裡有牛奶。
There is a park near my house.
我家附近有一座公園。
There is some bread on the counter.
流理臺上有一些麵包。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
There is a book on the desk.
There are three cats.
There are many people.
There is a park near here.
There is some milk.