基礎 · Unit 39

連接詞 (and / but / or)

and、but、or 是連接文法上對等的單字、片語、句子的對等連接詞,分別表示添加、對比、選擇的關係。在命令句後面加上 and 或 or,就會產生條件的意思,可以改寫成 if / unless 的句子。

概念說明

and、but、or 是連接文法上對等的單字、片語、句子的對等連接詞,分別表示添加、對比、選擇的關係。在命令句後面加上 and 或 or,就會產生條件的意思,可以改寫成 if / unless 的句子。

 

A.  and / but / or 的進階運用 

用 and、but、or 連接的前後成分,文法形態要相同才自然;列舉三個以上時,只在最後一個成分前面放連接詞,其餘用逗號分開。and 表示添加,but 表示對比,or 表示選擇、替代方案。

連接詞關係特徵
and添加 (而且)連接方向相同的兩個成分
but對比 (但是)連接互相相反的兩個成分
or選擇 (或是)從兩者之中挑一個的情況
  • We had coffee, cake, and fruit. (我們享用了咖啡、蛋糕和水果。)
  • He is smart but very shy. (他很聰明,但非常害羞。)
  • You can pay in cash or by card. (你可以用現金或刷卡付款。)
  • The room was small but comfortable. (那個房間雖然小,但很舒適。)

 

B.  命令句 + and / or — 條件的意思 

命令句後面加上 and,就變成「的話就會…」的肯定條件;加上 or,就變成「不的話就會…」的否定條件。這個結構後面通常會接未來式(will)。

形式意思例子
命令句 + and~的話就會…Study hard, and you'll pass.
命令句 + or不~的話就會…Study hard, or you'll fail.
  • Take this medicine, and you'll feel better. (吃了這個藥就會好一點。)
  • Turn left, and you'll see the bank. (向左轉就會看到銀行。)
  • Wear a jacket, or you'll catch a cold. (不穿外套的話會感冒。)
  • Leave now, or you'll be late. (現在不出發的話會遲到。)

 

C.  改寫成 if / unless 的句子 

「命令句 + and」可以改寫成 if 條件子句,「命令句 + or」可以改寫成 if ~ not 或 unless 條件子句。請熟記 命令句 + and = if 條件句 / 命令句 + or = if ~ not / unless 這個公式。

原本的句子改寫後的句子
Hurry, and you'll catch the bus.If you hurry, you'll catch the bus.
Hurry, or you'll miss the bus.If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.
Hurry, or you'll miss the bus.Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.
  • Study hard, and you'll pass. → If you study hard, you'll pass. (認真讀書就會及格。)
  • Be quiet, or the baby will wake up. → If you aren't quiet, the baby will wake up. (不安靜的話寶寶會醒過來。)
  • Take a taxi, and you'll get there on time. → If you take a taxi, you'll get there on time. (搭計程車就會準時到。)
  • Eat vegetables, or you won't be healthy. → Unless you eat vegetables, you won't be healthy. (不吃蔬菜就不會健康。)

重點整理

  1. 1用 and、but、or 連接的前後成分,文法形態相同才自然。(例: I like reading and writing. — 名詞對名詞)
  2. 2列舉三個以上時,只在最後一個成分前面用連接詞,其餘用逗號分開。(例: apples, oranges, and grapes)
  3. 3命令句 + and 是「~的話就會…」(if 條件),命令句 + or 是「不~的話就會…」(if ~ not / unless 條件),兩者意思完全相反
  4. 4命令句 + and / or 結構的後半句大多會接 will 未來式。(例: Hurry, and you 'll catch it.)
  5. 5unless 本身已經含有否定的意思(if ~ not),所以後面的子句不會再放 not。(例: Unless you hurry, you'll be late.)

例句

I want tea and toast for breakfast.
我早餐想要茶和吐司。
She speaks English and Japanese fluently.
她英文和日文都說得很流利。
The movie was long but interesting.
那部電影很長,但很有趣。
He tried hard but failed the test.
他很努力,但考試還是沒過。
Would you like tea or coffee?
你想喝茶還是咖啡?
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

I like reading and to write.
I like reading and writing.
Hurry up, and you'll miss the bus.
Hurry up, or you'll miss the bus.
Study hard, or you'll pass the test.
Study hard, and you'll pass the test.
Unless you don't hurry, you'll be late.
Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
He is tall and but thin.
He is tall but thin.
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