基礎 · Unit 38

介系詞 II (時間介系詞進階 / 地方介系詞進階)

表示時間的 before、after、for、during、from A to B 和表示地方、位置的 in front of、behind、beside、by、near、under、over、between、among,即使意思看起來重疊,使用的語境還是固定的。特別是 for(期間的長度)和 during(特定時段)、between(兩者之間)和 among(三者以上之間)的分辨最為關鍵。

概念說明

表示時間的 before、after、for、during、from A to B 和表示地方、位置的 in front of、behind、beside、by、near、under、over、between、among,即使意思看起來重疊,使用的語境還是固定的。特別是 for(期間的長度)和 during(特定時段)、between(兩者之間)和 among(三者以上之間)的分辨最為關鍵。

 

A.  時間介系詞進階 — before / after / for / during / from A to B 

細膩表示時間關係的介系詞各自有不同的角色: 時間點的前後(before, after)、持續的期間(for)、特定的時段(during)、起點與終點(from A to B)for + 期間的長度 / during + 特定時段、事件 的對比是這一節最大的學習重點。

介系詞意思例子
before在~之前before dinner, before 8
after在~之後after school, after lunch
for~期間 (期間的長度)for two hours, for a week
during~期間 (在特定時段、事件之中)during the meeting, during summer
from A to B從 A 到 Bfrom 9 to 5, from Monday to Friday
  • We usually go for a walk after dinner. (我們通常在晚餐後去散步。)
  • She waited for thirty minutes. (她等了三十分鐘。)
  • He didn't say a word during the meeting. (他在會議期間一句話也沒說。)
  • The store is open from 10 AM to 9 PM. (那家店從早上十點開到晚上九點。)

 

B.  地方介系詞進階 — in front of / behind / beside / by / near 

把東西或人的位置細膩地區分成前面、後面、旁邊、緊鄰、附近來表達。beside 和 by 都是「在旁邊」,很相似,但 by 給人更貼近一點的感覺,near 則是比它更遠一些的「附近」。

介系詞意思例子
in front of在~前面in front of the house
behind在~後面behind the door
beside / next to在~旁邊 (緊鄰)beside me, next to the bank
by就在~旁邊 (貼近)sit by the window
near在~附近 (稍微有點距離)near my house
  • There is a bus stop in front of the school. (學校前面有一個公車站。)
  • Anna is standing behind Kevin in the photo. (照片裡 Anna 站在 Kevin 後面。)
  • Please sit beside me. (請坐在我旁邊。)
  • There's a nice cafe near my office. (我辦公室附近有一家不錯的咖啡廳。)

 

C.  位置介系詞 — under / over / between / among 

表示垂直位置的 under(下面)和 over(上方、覆蓋),以及表示關係中位置的 between(兩個對象之間)和 among(三個以上之間),各自成對between = 兩者之間 / among = 三者以上之間 這個分辨請整組記起來。

介系詞意思例子
under在~下面The cat is under the table.
over在~上方 (覆蓋、正上方)The lamp hangs over the desk.
between(兩個對象) 在~之間between you and me
among(三個以上) 在~之間among the students
above在~上面 (位置更高)The picture is above the sofa.
  • The dog is sleeping under the bed. (狗正在床底下睡覺。)
  • A bird is flying over the lake. (一隻鳥正飛過湖面上方。)
  • The child is sitting between her parents. (孩子坐在父母之間。)
  • She was very popular among her classmates. (她在同班同學之間很受歡迎。)

重點整理

  1. 1for 表示期間的長度(three hours, a week),during 表示特定時段、事件進行的期間(the meeting, summer)。(例: for two hours vs during the movie)
  2. 2對象是兩個時用 between,三個以上時用 among。(例: between you and me / among the students)
  3. 3beside(在旁邊)和 besides(此外、除了~以外)只差一個字母,意思卻完全不同。(例: sit beside me / besides English, she speaks French)
  4. 4by 是「就在旁邊非常近」,near 是「在附近稍微有點距離」,距離感不同。(例: sit by the window / live near the park)
  5. 5over 是「像覆蓋在~上方、越過」,above 是「比~更高的位置」,語感不同。(例: fly over the lake / the picture is above the sofa)

例句

I always drink water before breakfast.
我總是在早餐前喝水。
Let's meet after work tomorrow.
明天下班後見吧。
We waited for two hours at the airport.
我們在機場等了兩個小時。
She fell asleep during the movie.
她看電影看到睡著了。
The library is open from 9 AM to 6 PM.
圖書館從早上九點開到晚上六點。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

I waited during two hours.
I waited for two hours.
She was quiet for the meeting.
She was quiet during the meeting.
The child sat among his parents.
The child sat between his parents.
There is a tree behind of the house.
There is a tree behind the house.
I sit besides my sister at dinner.
I sit beside my sister at dinner.
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