基礎 · Unit 37
反身代名詞
反身代名詞是在主詞和受詞是同一個對象時，用在受詞位置、以 -self/-selves 結尾的代名詞，共有 myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves 八種。
概念說明
反身代名詞是在主詞和受詞是同一個對象時，用在受詞位置、以 -self/-selves 結尾的代名詞，共有 myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves 八種。
A. 形態 — 各人稱代名詞的 -self / -selves
反身代名詞是單數加 -self、複數加 -selves 造出來的，依人稱與數固定成八種形態。
| 人稱 | 單數 | 複數 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人稱 | myself (我自己) | ourselves (我們自己) |
| 第二人稱 | yourself (你自己) | yourselves (你們自己) |
| 第三人稱 (男) | himself (他自己) | themselves (他們自己) |
| 第三人稱 (女) | herself (她自己) | themselves |
| 第三人稱 (物) | itself (它本身) | themselves |
- I made this cake myself. (這個蛋糕是我自己做的。)
- You should be proud of yourself. (你應該以自己為榮。)
- He blames himself for the mistake. (他為那個錯誤責怪自己。)
- We introduced ourselves to the group. (我們向那個團體介紹了自己。)
B. 反身用法 — 動詞與介系詞的受詞
主詞和受詞是同一個人或同一件事物時，不能用人稱代名詞(me, him 等)，一定要用反身代名詞。不只是動詞的受詞，介系詞後面也一樣。
| 位置 | 例子 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 動詞的受詞 | I cut myself. | 割到了自己 |
| 介系詞的受詞 | She talks to herself. | 對自己說話 |
| 強調 (同位語) | I myself fixed it. | 是我親自修好的 |
| 否定句 | Don't blame yourself. | 不要責怪自己 |
- He introduced himself at the meeting. (他在會議上介紹了自己。)
- I always talk to myself when I'm nervous. (我一緊張就會自言自語。)
- She bought a new dress for herself. (她為自己買了一件新洋裝。)
- They took care of themselves during the trip. (他們在旅途中把自己照顧得很好。)
C. 慣用說法 — by oneself / enjoy oneself / help yourself
反身代名詞在某些慣用說法裡也非常常用，建議把 by oneself(獨自)、enjoy oneself(度過愉快的時光)、help yourself(請自行取用)整組記起來。by oneself = 獨自 在會話中每天都會出現。
| 說法 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| by oneself | 獨自 / 靠自己 | I live by myself. |
| enjoy oneself | 度過愉快的時光 | Did you enjoy yourself? |
| help yourself | 請自行取用 | Help yourself to some tea. |
| teach oneself | 自學 | She taught herself Spanish. |
| make yourself at home | 請放輕鬆 | Please make yourself at home. |
- I traveled to Japan by myself last year. (我去年獨自去日本旅行。)
- The kids enjoyed themselves at the amusement park. (孩子們在遊樂園度過了愉快的時光。)
- Please help yourself to the cookies. (餅乾請自行取用。)
- He taught himself how to play the guitar. (他自學了彈吉他的方法。)
重點整理
- 1主詞和受詞相同時，受詞位置一定要用反身代名詞，不能換成 me、him 這類人稱代名詞。(例: I cut myself. — I cut me. 是錯的)
- 2單數是 -self(myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself)，複數是 -selves(ourselves, yourselves, themselves)，形態都是固定的。
- 3by oneself 是「獨自、靠自己」，enjoy oneself 是「度過愉快的時光」，help yourself 是「請自行取用」，在會話中常常整組使用。
- 4把反身代名詞加在主詞後面或句尾當作強調，意思就變成「親自、本人」。(例: I myself fixed the car. / I fixed the car myself.)
- 5第二人稱 you 的單數與複數同形，但反身代名詞一定要區分 yourself(單數) / yourselves(複數)。
例句
I hurt myself while cooking dinner.
我在做晚餐的時候弄傷了自己。
She looked at herself in the mirror.
她看著鏡子裡的自己。
He introduced himself to the new team.
他向新團隊介紹了自己。
We really enjoyed ourselves at the concert.
我們在演唱會上真的度過了愉快的時光。
The children behaved themselves at the restaurant.
孩子們在餐廳裡很守規矩。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I cut myself while cooking.
She bought a gift for herself.
The kids enjoyed themselves.
He lives by himself.
Everyone, please help yourselves to the food.