基礎 · Unit 45

第三句型 (S + V + O)

第三句型的結構是「主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞」,一定要有承受動詞動作的對象(受詞),句意才算完整。受詞的位置可以放名詞、代名詞、to 不定詞、動名詞和名詞子句。

概念說明

第三句型的結構是「主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞」,一定要有承受動詞動作的對象(受詞),句意才算完整。受詞的位置可以放名詞、代名詞、to 不定詞、動名詞和名詞子句。

 

A.  基本結構 — S + V + O 

第三句型是主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞的結構,及物動詞就是一定要有受詞來承受動作的動詞,公式是 S + V + O。沒有受詞,句子的意思就不完整。

主詞 (S)及物動詞 (V)受詞 (O)
Ilovemy family.
Sheopenedthe window.
Wewatcheda movie.
Hemeetsher every day.
  • She loves her children very much. (她非常愛她的孩子。)
  • I wrote a letter to my friend. (我寫了一封信給我的朋友。)
  • We visited our grandparents. (我們去拜訪了祖父母。)
  • He made a delicious cake. (他做了一個好吃的蛋糕。)

 

B.  不及物動詞 vs 及物動詞 — 分辨容易混淆的動詞 

就算中文意思相近,英文動詞也早就分成不及物動詞(需要介系詞)和及物動詞(直接接受詞),最好成對記下來。arrive·discuss·marry·enter 就是最常搞混的代表動詞。

動詞種類注意
arrive不及物動詞arrive at / in + 地點
listen不及物動詞listen to + 受詞
discuss及物動詞受詞前面不加 about
marry及物動詞marry her (O) / marry with her (X)
enter及物動詞enter the room (O) / enter into the room (X)
reach及物動詞reach the station (直接接受詞)
  • We discussed the problem. (我們討論了那個問題。)
  • She married him last year. (她去年和他結婚了。)
  • Please enter the room quietly. (請安靜地進入房間。)
  • The train reached the station on time. (火車準時抵達車站。)

 

C.  可以放在受詞位置的東西 

第三句型的受詞位置除了名詞、代名詞以外,還可以放 to 不定詞、動名詞和名詞子句,表達方式因此豐富許多。哪些動詞後面接 to 不定詞、哪些動詞後面接動名詞,是依每個動詞的習慣用法決定的。

受詞種類例句
名詞·名詞片語I want a new car.
代名詞She helped me.
to 不定詞I want to go home.
動名詞(-ing)He enjoys playing tennis.
名詞子句 (that 子句)I think that she is right.
  • I want some water, please. (請給我一點水。)
  • She helped me with my homework. (她幫我做家庭作業。)
  • We hope to see you soon. (我們希望很快能見到你。)
  • He enjoys reading novels. (他很喜歡讀小說。)

重點整理

  1. 1第三句型是主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞的結構,少了受詞句意就不完整,這是它和不及物動詞句型最關鍵的差別。(例: I like coffee.)
  2. 2discuss·marry·enter·reach 後面不用介系詞,直接接受詞,都是及物動詞。(例: We discussed the plan. / discussed about the plan 是錯的)
  3. 3arrive·listen 是不及物動詞,後面需要介系詞,和上面那幾個及物動詞成對記下來會更清楚。(例: arrive at / listen to)
  4. 4want·hope·plan 後面接 to 不定詞,enjoy·finish·avoid 後面則用動名詞(-ing)當受詞。(例: want to go / enjoy going)
  5. 5中文的「和…結婚」「關於…做討論」會用到「和·關於」這類詞,很容易連帶把 with·about 也加到英文動詞後面,但英文動詞只要是及物動詞就不需要介系詞,請小心這個對應上的落差。

例句

I like Korean food.
我喜歡韓國菜。
She reads a book every day.
她每天讀一本書。
He bought a beautiful gift.
他買了一份漂亮的禮物。
We watched a movie last night.
我們昨天晚上看了一部電影。
They opened the door quickly.
他們很快地把門打開了。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。

容易犯的錯誤

We discussed about the plan.
We discussed the plan.
She married with him.
She married him.
He entered into the room.
He entered the room.
I want travel next year.
I want to travel next year.
She enjoys to read novels.
She enjoys reading novels.
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