進階 · Unit 83
助動詞 — 過去的後悔 (should / ought to have p.p.)
should have + p.p. 表示「當初該卻沒做」，shouldn't have + p.p. 表示「當初不該卻做了」，都是對過去的後悔和責備。ought to have + p.p. 意思相同，語氣稍微正式一些。
概念說明
should have + p.p. 表示「當初該
卻沒做」，shouldn't have + p.p. 表示「當初不該卻做了」，都是對過去的後悔和責備。ought to have + p.p. 意思相同，語氣稍微正式一些。
A. should have + 過去分詞 — 過去後悔的基本形
should have + 過去分詞的意思是「過去該~卻實際上沒做」，表達對已經過去的事的惋惜、後悔和輕微的自責。should have + 過去分詞 = 過去的後悔。會話中會縮寫成 should've。
| 主詞 | should have + p.p. | 縮寫 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I should have gone | should've gone | 早該去的 |
| you | you should have known | should've known | 早該知道的 |
| he / she | she should have waited | should've waited | 早該等的 |
| we | we should have started | should've started | 早該開始的 |
| they | they should have listened | should've listened | 早該聽的 |
- I should have studied harder for the exam. (考試我早該更用功唸書的。)
- You should have told me about the meeting. (你早該告訴我開會的事的。)
- We should have taken an umbrella. (我們早該帶把傘的。)
- She should have arrived by now. (她現在應該早就到了才對。)
B. ought to have + 過去分詞 — 意思相同，稍微正式
ought to have + 過去分詞和 should have + p.p. 意思相同，但給人稍微正式、書面的感覺，常用在強調道德義務或理所當然的時候。否定是 ought not to have + p.p. 的形式。
| 形式 | 例子 | 會話中的替代說法 |
|---|---|---|
| ought to have + p.p. | He ought to have called. | should have called |
| ought not to have + p.p. | You ought not to have lied. | shouldn't have lied |
- You ought to have thanked her. (你早該謝謝她的。)
- We ought to have prepared more carefully. (我們早該更謹慎地準備的。)
- He ought to have known better. (他早該更懂事的。)
- They ought not to have accepted the offer. (他們不該接受那個提議的。)
C. shouldn't have + 過去分詞 — 不該做卻做了的後悔和責備
shouldn't have + 過去分詞的意思是「過去不該~卻實際上做了」，表達對已經做過的行為的後悔，或對對方輕微的責備和責怪。會話中會唸成 shouldn't've。
| 形式 | 實際情況 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| I shouldn't have eaten so much. | 吃了很多 | 不該吃那麼多的 |
| You shouldn't have shouted at him. | 大聲吼了 | 不該對他大吼的 |
| She shouldn't have trusted them. | 相信了 | 不該相信他們的 |
| We shouldn't have waited so long. | 等了很久 | 不該等那麼久的 |
- I shouldn't have stayed up so late last night. (我昨晚不該熬到那麼晚的。)
- You shouldn't have spent all that money. (你不該把那些錢全花光的。)
- He shouldn't have driven after drinking. (他不該酒後開車的。)
- They shouldn't have ignored our warning. (他們不該忽視我們的警告的。)
重點整理
- 1should have + 過去分詞表示「該做卻沒做」，shouldn't have + 過去分詞表示「不該做卻做了」的後悔。(例: I should have gone. / I shouldn't have gone.)
- 2should 後面一定接 have + 過去分詞，不會接 to 不定詞或過去式。(X: I should to have called / X: I should called → O: I should have called)
- 3ought to have + 過去分詞和 should have + 過去分詞意思相同，只是稍微正式，否定用 ought not to have + p.p.。(例: You ought not to have lied.)
- 4會話中會縮寫成 should've、shouldn't've 來發音，書面上寫成 should of 是錯誤的寫法。(例: I should've known.)
- 5中文的「當初應該~才對」「當初不該~」都可以用 should have p.p. 這一系列來表達。
例句
I should have called her yesterday.
我昨天早該打電話給她的。
You should have told me the truth.
你早該告訴我實話的。
We should have booked the hotel earlier.
我們早該更早訂飯店的。
She should have taken the earlier train.
她早該搭更早的那班火車的。
He should have studied harder for the test.
他早該為考試更用功唸書的。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I should have called her.
You should have told me.
She should have gone home.
We shouldn't have left so late.
He should have apologized.