उन्नत · Unit 80

संकेतार्थ - ~ न हो तो, ~ न होता तो

' न हो तो / न होता तो' को If it were not for / If it had not been for से कहा जाता है, और इसे उलटे क्रम वाले रूप (Were it not for / Had it not been for ) तथा without / but for से बदला जा सकता है.

व्याख्या

'~ न हो तो / ~ न होता तो' को If it were not for ~ / If it had not been for ~ से कहा जाता है, और इसे उलटे क्रम वाले रूप (Were it not for ~ / Had it not been for ~) तथा without ~ / but for ~ से बदला जा सकता है. किसी चीज़ के न होने की कल्पना करके उसी चीज़ का महत्व जताया जाता है.

 

A.  अब न — If it were not for / Were it not for / Without / But for 

'अभी ~ न हो तो' यानी अभी की सच्चाई से उलटी बात के लिए If it were not for ~ बुनियादी रचना है, जिसे उलटे क्रम वाले Were it not for ~ या Without ~ / But for ~ से बदला जा सकता है. आगे मुख्य उपवाक्य में would / could / might + क्रिया का मूल रूप चलता है. If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for.

रूपऔपचारिकताउदाहरण
If it were not forमानकIf it were not for air, we would die.
Were it not forऔपचारिक·लिखितWere it not for air, we would die.
Withoutरोज़मर्रा·बातचीतWithout air, we would die.
But forऔपचारिकBut for air, we would die.
  • If it were not for coffee, I couldn't wake up. (कॉफ़ी न हो तो मैं जाग ही न पाऊँ.)
  • Were it not for your patience, this project would fail. (आपका धीरज न हो तो यह परियोजना नाकाम हो जाए.)
  • Without the internet, life would be very different. (इंटरनेट न हो तो ज़िंदगी बहुत ही अलग होती.)
  • But for the rain, we could enjoy the picnic. (बस बारिश न हो तो हम सैर का मज़ा ले पाते.)

 

B.  तब न था — If it had not been for / Had it not been for / Without / But for 

'तब ~ न होता तो' यानी बीती सच्चाई से उलटी बात के लिए If it had not been for ~ बुनियादी रचना है, जिसे उलटे क्रम वाले Had it not been for ~ या Without ~ / But for ~ से बदला जा सकता है. मुख्य उपवाक्य में would / could / might + have + भूतकालिक कृदंत चलता है. If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for.

रूपऔपचारिकताउदाहरण
If it had not been forमानकIf it had not been for him, I would have quit.
Had it not been forऔपचारिक·लिखितHad it not been for him, I would have quit.
Withoutरोज़मर्रा·बातचीतWithout him, I would have quit.
But forऔपचारिकBut for him, I would have quit.
  • If it had not been for your advice, I would have made a big mistake. (आपकी सलाह न होती तो मैं बड़ी ग़लती कर बैठता.)
  • Had it not been for the alarm, I would have overslept. (अलार्म न होता तो मैं सोता ही रह जाता.)
  • Without her support, we couldn't have finished the project. (उसका सहारा न होता तो हम वह परियोजना पूरी न कर पाते.)
  • But for the doctor, he might have died. (वह डॉक्टर न होता तो शायद उसकी जान चली जाती.)

 

C.  Without / But for दोनों कालों में चल जाते हैं 

Without ~ / But for ~ का रूप काल से बँधा नहीं है, इसलिए बात अभी की सच्चाई से उलटी है या बीती से — यह केवल मुख्य उपवाक्य की सहायक क्रिया के काल से तय होता है. would + क्रिया का मूल रूप हो तो अभी से उलटा और would have + भूतकालिक कृदंत हो तो बीती से उलटा.

मुख्य उपवाक्य की सहायक क्रियाकाल की पहचानउदाहरण
would / could / might + क्रिया का मूल रूपअभी से उलटाWithout you, I would be lost.
would / could / might + have + भूतकालिक कृदंतबीती से उलटाWithout you, I would have been lost.
  • Without you, my life would be empty. (आप न हों तो मेरी ज़िंदगी सूनी हो जाए.)
  • Without you, my life would have been empty. (आप न होते तो मेरी ज़िंदगी सूनी रह जाती.)
  • But for his help, I couldn't finish the work. (उसकी मदद न हो तो मैं वह काम पूरा नहीं कर पाता.)
  • But for his help, I couldn't have finished the work. (उसकी मदद न होती तो मैं वह काम पूरा न कर पाता.)

मुख्य बिंदु

  1. 1अभी न हो तो = If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for और मुख्य उपवाक्य में would / could / might + क्रिया का मूल रूप आता है.
  2. 2तब न होता तो = If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for और मुख्य उपवाक्य में would / could / might + have + भूतकालिक कृदंत चलता है.
  3. 3Without और But for काल से बँधे नहीं हैं, और बात अभी से उलटी है या बीती से — यह मुख्य उपवाक्य की सहायक क्रिया के रूप से तय होता है. (उदाहरण: Without you, I would be lost / Without you, I would have been lost)
  4. 4Were it not for और Had it not been for औपचारिक तथा लिखित भाषा के रूप हैं और बातचीत में Without कहीं ज़्यादा सहज बैठता है. But for औपचारिक तो है पर बातचीत में भी कभी-कभी आ जाता है.
  5. 5बातचीत का If it wasn't for चल जाता है, पर औपचारिक भाषा में If it were not for ही नियम है. If it had been for की तरह not छोड़ देना नहीं चाहिए.

उदाहरण

If it were not for water, nothing could live.
पानी न हो तो कुछ भी जीवित न रह पाए.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
आपकी मदद न हो तो मैं नाकाम हो जाऊँ.
Without air, we could not survive.
हवा न हो तो हम जीवित न रह पाएँ.
But for the rain, we could go on a picnic.
बस बारिश न हो तो हम सैर पर जा पाएँ.
If it were not for coffee, I couldn't wake up.
कॉफ़ी न हो तो मैं जाग ही न पाऊँ.
इस इकाई में और भी उदाहरण हैं। पंजीकरण करने पर सभी देख और सुन सकते हैं।

आम गलतियाँ

If it not were for you, I would fail.
If it were not for you, I would fail.
Had not it been for the map, we would have gotten lost.
Had it not been for the map, we would have gotten lost.
Without your help, I would finished the work.
Without your help, I couldn't have finished the work.
But for his advice, I make a mistake.
But for his advice, I would have made a mistake.
If it weren't for the traffic, we would arrive on time yesterday.
If it had not been for the traffic, we would have arrived on time.
जाँचिए कि आपको वाकई आता है या नहीं
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