Pengandaian - kalau tidak ada ~, kalau dulu tidak ada ~
'Kalau tidak ada / kalau dulu tidak ada ' dinyatakan dengan If it were not for / If it had not been for , dan bisa diganti dengan bentuk terbalik(Were it not for / Had it not been for ) atau dengan without / but for .
Penjelasan
'Kalau tidak ada ~ / kalau dulu tidak ada ~' dinyatakan dengan If it were not for ~ / If it had not been for ~, dan bisa diganti dengan bentuk terbalik(Were it not for ~ / Had it not been for ~) atau dengan without ~ / but for ~. Dengan mengandaikan suatu hal tidak ada, pentingnya hal itu justru ditegaskan.
A. Kini — If it were not for / Were it not for / Without / But for
Kebalikan fakta kini, yaitu 'kalau sekarang tidak ada ~', dasarnya adalah susunan If it were not for ~, dan bisa diganti dengan bentuk terbalik Were it not for ~ atau dengan Without ~ / But for ~. Induk kalimat sesudahnya diikuti would / could / might + bentuk dasar. If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for.
| Bentuk | Tingkat keresmian | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| If it were not for | baku | If it were not for air, we would die. |
| Were it not for | resmi·tulis | Were it not for air, we would die. |
| Without | sehari-hari·percakapan | Without air, we would die. |
| But for | resmi | But for air, we would die. |
- If it were not for coffee, I couldn't wake up. (Kalau tidak ada kopi, saya pasti tidak bisa bangun.)
- Were it not for your patience, this project would fail. (Kalau tidak ada kesabaran Anda, proyek ini pasti gagal.)
- Without the internet, life would be very different. (Tanpa internet, hidup pasti sangat berbeda.)
- But for the rain, we could enjoy the picnic. (Kalau bukan karena hujan, kami pasti bisa menikmati piknik itu.)
B. Dulu — If it had not been for / Had it not been for / Without / But for
Kebalikan fakta lampau, yaitu 'kalau dulu tidak ada ~', dasarnya adalah susunan If it had not been for ~, dan bisa diganti dengan bentuk terbalik Had it not been for ~ atau dengan Without ~ / But for ~. Induk kalimatnya diikuti would / could / might + have + partisip lampau. If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for.
| Bentuk | Tingkat keresmian | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| If it had not been for | baku | If it had not been for him, I would have quit. |
| Had it not been for | resmi·tulis | Had it not been for him, I would have quit. |
| Without | sehari-hari·percakapan | Without him, I would have quit. |
| But for | resmi | But for him, I would have quit. |
- If it had not been for your advice, I would have made a big mistake. (Kalau dulu tidak ada nasihat Anda, saya pasti sudah membuat kesalahan besar.)
- Had it not been for the alarm, I would have overslept. (Kalau dulu tidak ada alarm, saya pasti sudah kesiangan.)
- Without her support, we couldn't have finished the project. (Kalau dulu tidak ada dukungannya, kami pasti tidak bisa menyelesaikan proyek itu.)
- But for the doctor, he might have died. (Kalau dulu tidak ada dokter itu, dia mungkin sudah meninggal.)
C. Without / But for bisa untuk kedua kala
Bentuk Without ~ / But for ~ tidak terikat kala, jadi apakah yang dilawan itu fakta kini atau fakta lampau hanya ditentukan oleh kala kata kerja bantu di induk kalimat. Kalau would + bentuk dasar berarti kebalikan fakta kini, kalau would have + partisip lampau berarti kebalikan fakta lampau.
| Kata kerja bantu induk kalimat | Penentuan kala | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| would / could / might + bentuk dasar | kebalikan fakta kini | Without you, I would be lost. |
| would / could / might + have + partisip lampau | kebalikan fakta lampau | Without you, I would have been lost. |
- Without you, my life would be empty. (Kalau tidak ada Anda, hidup saya pasti hampa.)
- Without you, my life would have been empty. (Kalau dulu tidak ada Anda, hidup saya pasti sudah hampa.)
- But for his help, I couldn't finish the work. (Kalau tidak ada bantuannya, saya tidak bisa menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu.)
- But for his help, I couldn't have finished the work. (Kalau dulu tidak ada bantuannya, saya pasti tidak bisa menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu.)
Poin penting
- 1Kalau sekarang tidak ada = If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for, dan di induk kalimatnya datang would / could / might + bentuk dasar.
- 2Kalau dulu tidak ada = If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for, dan di induk kalimatnya menyusul would / could / might + have + partisip lampau.
- 3Without dan But for tidak terikat kala; apakah yang dilawan itu fakta kini atau fakta lampau ditentukan oleh bentuk kata kerja bantu di induk kalimat. (Contoh: Without you, I would be lost / Without you, I would have been lost)
- 4Were it not for dan Had it not been for adalah ragam resmi dan ragam tulis, sedangkan dalam percakapan Without jauh lebih wajar. But for termasuk ragam resmi, tetapi kadang dipakai juga dalam percakapan.
- 5If it wasn't for boleh dalam percakapan, tetapi dalam ragam resmi yang berlaku adalah If it were not for. Bentuk seperti If it had been for yang kehilangan not tidak boleh dipakai.