Avançado · Unit 80

Condicional - se não fosse ~, se não tivesse sido ~

'se não fosse / se não tivesse sido ' se expressa com If it were not for / If it had not been for , e pode virar a forma invertida (Were it not for / Had it not been for ) ou without / but for .

Explicação

'se não fosse ~ / se não tivesse sido ~' se expressa com If it were not for ~ / If it had not been for ~, e pode virar a forma invertida (Were it not for ~ / Had it not been for ~) ou without ~ / but for ~. Supõe-se que algo não exista para destacar a importância desse algo.

 

A.  Agora — If it were not for·Were it not for·Without·But for 

Para 'se agora não houvesse ~', contrário ao fato presente, a base é If it were not for ~, que pode virar a forma invertida Were it not for ~ ou Without ~ / But for ~. Na oração principal seguinte vem would / could / might + forma base. If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for.

FormaFormalidadeEx.
If it were not forpadrãoIf it were not for air, we would die.
Were it not forformal·escritaWere it not for air, we would die.
Withoutcotidiano·falaWithout air, we would die.
But forformalBut for air, we would die.
  • If it were not for coffee, I couldn't wake up. (Se não fosse o café, eu não conseguiria acordar.)
  • Were it not for your patience, this project would fail. (Se não fosse a sua paciência, este projeto fracassaria.)
  • Without the internet, life would be very different. (Sem a internet, a vida seria bem diferente.)
  • But for the rain, we could enjoy the picnic. (Se não fosse a chuva, poderíamos aproveitar o piquenique.)

 

B.  Então — If it had not been for·Had it not been for·Without·But for 

Para 'se naquela hora não houvesse ~', contrário ao fato passado, a base é If it had not been for ~, que pode virar a forma invertida Had it not been for ~ ou Without ~ / But for ~. Na oração principal vem would / could / might + have + particípio passado. If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for.

FormaFormalidadeEx.
If it had not been forpadrãoIf it had not been for him, I would have quit.
Had it not been forformal·escritaHad it not been for him, I would have quit.
Withoutcotidiano·falaWithout him, I would have quit.
But forformalBut for him, I would have quit.
  • If it had not been for your advice, I would have made a big mistake. (Se não tivesse sido pelo seu conselho, eu teria cometido um grande erro.)
  • Had it not been for the alarm, I would have overslept. (Se não tivesse sido pelo despertador, eu teria dormido demais.)
  • Without her support, we couldn't have finished the project. (Sem o apoio dela, não teríamos conseguido terminar o projeto.)
  • But for the doctor, he might have died. (Se não tivesse sido pelo médico, ele poderia ter morrido.)

 

C.  Without / But for servem para os dois tempos 

Como a forma de Without ~ / But for ~ não depende do tempo, se é contrário do presente ou do passado se decide só pelo tempo do modal da oração principal. would + forma base é contrário do presente; would have + particípio passado é contrário do passado.

Modal da principalLeitura do tempoEx.
would / could / might + forma basecontrário do presenteWithout you, I would be lost.
would / could / might + have + particípiocontrário do passadoWithout you, I would have been lost.
  • Without you, my life would be empty. (Sem você, minha vida seria vazia.)
  • Without you, my life would have been empty. (Sem você, minha vida teria sido vazia.)
  • But for his help, I couldn't finish the work. (Se não fosse a ajuda dele, eu não conseguiria terminar o trabalho.)
  • But for his help, I couldn't have finished the work. (Se não tivesse sido pela ajuda dele, eu não teria conseguido terminar o trabalho.)

Pontos principais

  1. 1Se não houvesse agora = If it were not for = Were it not for = Without = But for, e na oração principal vem would / could / might + forma base.
  2. 2Se não houvesse então = If it had not been for = Had it not been for = Without = But for, e na oração principal vem would / could / might + have + particípio passado.
  3. 3Without e But for não dependem do tempo: se é contrário do presente ou do passado se decide pela forma do modal da oração principal. (Ex.: Without you, I would be lost / Without you, I would have been lost)
  4. 4Were it not for e Had it not been for são de registro formal e escrito; na conversa Without soa bem mais natural. But for é formal, mas também aparece de vez em quando na fala.
  5. 5Na fala If it wasn't for é aceito, mas em registro formal o princípio é If it were not for. Não se pode esquecer o not, como em If it had been for.

Exemplos

If it were not for water, nothing could live.
Se não fosse a água, nada poderia viver.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
Se não fosse a sua ajuda, eu fracassaria.
Without air, we could not survive.
Sem ar, nós não conseguiríamos sobreviver.
But for the rain, we could go on a picnic.
Se não fosse a chuva, poderíamos fazer um piquenique.
If it were not for coffee, I couldn't wake up.
Se não fosse o café, eu não conseguiria acordar.
Esta unidade tem mais exemplos. Cadastre-se para ver e ouvir todos.

Erros comuns

If it not were for you, I would fail.
If it were not for you, I would fail.
Had not it been for the map, we would have gotten lost.
Had it not been for the map, we would have gotten lost.
Without your help, I would finished the work.
Without your help, I couldn't have finished the work.
But for his advice, I make a mistake.
But for his advice, I would have made a mistake.
If it weren't for the traffic, we would arrive on time yesterday.
If it had not been for the traffic, we would have arrived on time.
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