進階 · Unit 64
關係詞 — 複合關係代名詞 + 複合關係副詞
複合關係詞是關係詞加上 -ever 的形態，whoever·whichever·whatever 引導名詞子句或副詞子句，whenever·wherever·however 引導副詞子句。「的人都 / 不管」這兩種意思要靠上下文來區分。
概念說明
複合關係詞是關係詞加上 -ever 的形態，whoever·whichever·whatever 引導名詞子句或副詞子句，whenever·wherever·however 引導副詞子句。「
的人都 / 不管」這兩種意思要靠上下文來區分。
A. 複合關係代名詞 — whoever, whichever, whatever
whoever·whichever·whatever 和後面的子句一起，可以當名詞子句(~的人·的東西)或副詞子句(不管誰·不管什麼)使用，名詞子句會放在句子裡主詞·受詞的位置。whatever / whoever / wherever / however (不管~) 這個形態要記起來。
| 複合關係代名詞 | 名詞子句 (~的人·~的東西) | 副詞子句 (不管誰·不管什麼~) |
|---|---|---|
| whoever | anyone who ~ | no matter who ~ |
| whichever | any one that ~ | no matter which ~ |
| whatever | anything that ~ | no matter what ~ |
- Whoever wants to join can sign up here. (想參加的人都可以在這裡報名。)
- Take whichever seat is empty. (空著的位子隨便哪一個都可以坐。)
- Whatever she says, I'll trust her. (不管她說什麼，我都會相信她。)
- I'll support you whoever you choose. (不管你選誰，我都會支持你。)
B. 複合關係副詞 — whenever, wherever, however
whenever·wherever·however 引導表示時間·地點·程度的副詞子句，常用來表達「不管何時·不管何地·不管多麼~」這種讓步的意思。後面接的是完整的子句。
| 複合關係副詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| whenever | 不管何時~ / 每當~ | whenever you like |
| wherever | 不管在哪裡~ / 任何地方 | wherever you go |
| however | 不管多麼~ (+形容詞/副詞) | however tired you are |
- Come whenever you have time. (有空的時候隨時都可以來。)
- I'll follow you wherever you go. (不管你去哪裡我都會跟著你。)
- Whenever I hear this song, I smile. (每次聽到這首歌我都會微笑。)
- Sit wherever you like. (喜歡哪裡就坐哪裡。)
C. however + 形容詞/副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞的語序
however 要構成「不管多麼~」這種讓步副詞子句時，一定要在 however 正後面接形容詞·副詞，再接主詞和動詞。語序一亂就不會是自然的英文句子，所以要整組記起來。
| 語序 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| however + 形容詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 | However tired I am, I'll finish it. |
| however + 副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 | However fast he runs, he can't catch me. |
| however + much/many + 名詞 + 主詞 + 動詞 | However much it costs, I'll buy it. |
- However difficult the exam is, I'll pass it. (不管考試多難，我都會通過。)
- However late you arrive, I'll wait for you. (不管你多晚到，我都會等你。)
- However hard she tries, the result is the same. (不管她多努力，結果都一樣。)
- However much I sleep, I still feel tired. (不管睡多久，我還是覺得累。)
重點整理
- 1複合關係代名詞 whoever·whichever·whatever 既能當名詞子句(anyone who / anything that)，也能當副詞子句(no matter who / what)，兩種用法都可以，這是核心。(例: Whatever you want, I'll do)
- 2複合關係副詞 whenever·wherever·however 在子句裡表示時間·地點·程度，只扮演副詞的角色，請記住這一點。(例: I'll go wherever you go)
- 3however 用作「不管多麼~」時，一定要遵守 however + 形容詞/副詞 + 主詞 + 動詞的語序，別漏掉這條規則。(例: However tired I am, I'll finish it)
- 4whenever 也常用來表示「每當~」這種反覆的意思，請培養這種語感。(例: Whenever I see her, she smiles)
- 5複合關係詞後面一定接有主詞和動詞的完整子句，不會只用一個單字就結束，請記住這一點。
例句
Whoever comes first will get a prize.
最先到的人都能拿到獎品。
You can choose whichever you like.
你可以選你喜歡的任何一個。
I'll do whatever you want.
你想要什麼我都會做。
Whatever she says, I'll trust her.
不管她說什麼，我都會相信她。
Take whichever seat is empty.
空著的位子隨便哪一個都可以坐。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
Whoever comes first will get a prize.
However tired I am, I'll finish it.
Whatever you want, I'll do.
However hard he tries, he fails.
I'll go wherever you go.