進階 · Unit 72
綜合 — 第五句型動詞的補語整理
在第五句型的句子裡，會出現哪一種形態的受詞補語是由前面的動詞決定的，所以依動詞把它取哪一種補語分組整批背下來，才是實戰中不會動搖的辦法。
概念說明
在第五句型的句子裡，會出現哪一種形態的受詞補語是由前面的動詞決定的，所以依動詞把它取哪一種補語分組整批背下來，才是實戰中不會動搖的辦法。
A. to 不定詞群組 — want / expect / ask / tell / allow
want·expect·ask·tell·order·allow·enable·force·advise·persuade 這一類動詞一定要在受詞後面用 to 不定詞當補語，表示「希望·要求·允許·強迫某人做某事」的意思。請把 動詞 + 受詞 + to 不定詞 這個公式整組記起來。
| 動詞 | 語感 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| want | 希望 | I want you to try again. |
| expect | 期待 | We expect them to arrive soon. |
| ask | 請求 | She asked me to open it. |
| tell | 指示 | He told us to be quiet. |
| allow | 允許 | They allow us to leave early. |
| force | 強迫 | She forced him to apologize. |
- The boss wants everyone to attend the meeting. (老闆希望所有人都出席會議。)
- My parents allowed me to stay out late. (父母允許我在外面待到很晚。)
- The doctor advised her to rest more. (醫生建議她多休息。)
- Nothing will force me to change my mind. (沒有任何事能強迫我改變心意。)
B. 原形不定詞群組 — 使役 make/let/have + 感官 see/hear/feel
使役動詞 make·let·have 和感官動詞 see·hear·feel·watch·notice 用不加 to 的原形動詞當受詞補語，而感官動詞還可以接 -ing，因此有「看到全程(原形) vs 看到進行中(-ing)」的語感差別。
| 動詞群 | 補語形態 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| make (強制) | 原形動詞 | She made me clean my room. |
| let (允許) | 原形動詞 | Please let me know. |
| have (請求、指派) | 原形動詞 | I had him fix the pipe. |
| see / watch | 原形 / -ing | I saw her dance / dancing. |
| hear | 原形 / -ing | We heard him shout / shouting. |
| feel | 原形 / -ing | I felt someone touch / touching me. |
- My mom made me do the dishes. (媽媽叫我去洗碗。)
- Let me help you with that. (那件事讓我來幫你吧。)
- I heard the phone ring three times. (我聽到電話響了三次。)
- We watched the children playing in the yard. (我們看著孩子們在院子裡玩。)
C. 多形態群組 — get / help / keep / find / leave
get·help·keep·find·leave 會依情況在 to 不定詞·原形動詞·過去分詞·形容詞·-ing 之中取用多種形態，所以要配合上下文來挑選。尤其 get 是人就用 to 不定詞，是事物就用過去分詞(被動)，分得很清楚。
| 動詞 | 補語形態 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| get (人) | to 不定詞 | I got him to help me. |
| get (事物) | 過去分詞 | I got my hair cut. |
| help | 原形 / to 不定詞 | She helped me (to) move. |
| keep | 形容詞 / -ing | Keep the door closed. / Keep him waiting. |
| find | 形容詞 / -ing / p.p. | I found the book useful. / him sleeping. |
| leave | 形容詞 / -ing / p.p. | Don't leave me alone. / him crying. |
- I finally got my dad to buy me a bike. (我最後讓爸爸幫我買了一台腳踏車。)
- She got her essay edited by a friend. (她請朋友幫她編輯了那篇文章。)
- Can you help me carry these boxes? (可以幫我搬這些箱子嗎？)
- The rain kept us waiting at the station. (因為下雨，我們一直在車站等。)
重點整理
- 1want·expect·ask·tell·order·allow·force 這一類動詞永遠在受詞後面接 to 不定詞，把這條規則整組背起來就解決一半了。(例: I told him to leave.)
- 2使役動詞 make·let·have 的受詞補語只能用不加 to 的原形動詞，這是最常出錯的地方。(例: She made me go.)
- 3感官動詞 see·hear·feel·watch 用原形(看到全程)和 -ing(看到進行中)都可以，只是語感稍有不同，請培養這種語感。(例: I saw him cross / crossing the road.)
- 4get 的對象是人就用 to 不定詞，對象是事物就用過去分詞(被動)，這條規則就是 get 第五句型的核心。(例: I got him to help / I got my hair cut.)
- 5help 是例外，後面接的是 (to) 不定詞，在美式會話中省略 to 才自然，請記住這個慣用法。(例: He helped me (to) carry it.)
- 6keep·find·leave 可以接形容詞·-ing·過去分詞等多種補語，形態會依受詞和補語之間的關係(主動/被動)而分岔，請靠上下文來判別。(例: Keep him waiting / Keep the door closed.)
例句
I want you to finish this by Friday.
我希望你在星期五前完成這個。
We expect the guests to arrive at seven.
我們預期客人會在七點抵達。
The teacher asked us to open our books.
老師要我們把書打開。
My boss told me to work overtime.
我的主管叫我加班。
Her parents allowed her to travel abroad.
她的父母允許她出國旅行。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She let me use her car.
The boss wants us to finish it today.
I got him to fix the sink.
I saw him enter the room.
She had the report translated.