進階 · Unit 32
被動語態 — 進行式、完成式
進行式被動語態是 be + being + 過去分詞，完成式被動語態是 have/has/had + been + 過去分詞的形態，表示各個時態的被動關係。時態由前面的部分決定，後面再接上 being 或 been。
概念說明
進行式被動語態是 be + being + 過去分詞，完成式被動語態是 have/has/had + been + 過去分詞的形態，表示各個時態的被動關係。時態由前面的部分決定，後面再接上 being 或 been。
A. 進行式被動語態 — be + being + 過去分詞
進行式被動語態是 be 動詞 + being + 過去分詞的形態，表示主詞在某個瞬間正在承受某個動作的關係。公式是 being + 過去分詞 = 進行式被動。
| 時態 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在進行式被動 | am/is/are being + p.p. | The room is being cleaned. |
| 過去進行式被動 | was/were being + p.p. | The road was being repaired. |
- The car is being washed at the moment. (那台車現在正在被清洗。)
- New houses are being built near our town. (我們鎮上附近正在蓋新房子。)
- The problem was being discussed when I came in. (我進去的時候，那個問題正在被討論。)
- The document was being translated all afternoon. (那份文件整個下午都在被翻譯。)
B. 完成式被動語態 — have/has/had + been + 過去分詞
完成式被動語態是 have/has/had + been + 過去分詞的形態，表示完成式的被動關係。公式是 been + 過去分詞 = 完成式被動。
| 時態 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在完成式被動 | have/has been + p.p. | The letter has been sent. |
| 過去完成式被動 | had been + p.p. | The letter had been sent before I called. |
- The bridge has been repaired recently. (那座橋最近被修好了。)
- Many trees have been planted this year. (今年已經種下了很多樹。)
- The keys had been lost before we noticed. (在我們發現之前，鑰匙就已經弄丟了。)
- The meeting had been canceled by the time we arrived. (我們到達的時候，會議已經被取消了。)
C. 未來完成式被動語態 — will have been + 過去分詞
未來完成式被動語態是 will have + been + 過去分詞的形態，表示到未來某個特定時間點為止會完成的被動關係。常用在預告截止日或完工時間的句子裡。
| 時態 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 未來完成式被動 | will have been + p.p. | The project will have been completed by next month. |
- The building will have been finished by the end of the year. (那棟建築在年底之前就會完工了。)
- All the invitations will have been sent by tomorrow. (所有的邀請函在明天之前都會寄出去。)
- The report will have been reviewed by next Monday. (那份報告在下星期一之前就會審閱完畢。)
- By 2030, this technology will have been used worldwide. (到了 2030 年，這項技術就會在全世界被使用了。)
重點整理
- 1進行式被動語態是 be 動詞 + being + 過去分詞的形態，時態由 be 動詞的形式(am/is/are 或 was/were)決定。(例: The room is being cleaned.)
- 2完成式被動語態是 have/has/had + been + 過去分詞的形態，時態由 have/has/had 決定，後面一定要接 been。(例: The letter has been sent.)
- 3being 和 been 的順序不會互換，being 對應進行，been 對應完成。
- 4未來完成式被動語態 will have been + p.p. 常用在預告截止日或完工時間的正式文句中。(例: The project will have been completed by next month.)
- 5中文的「正在被~」、「一直被~」、「早就被~了」分別對應進行式被動、現在完成式被動和過去完成式被動。
例句
The house is being painted right now.
那間房子現在正在被粉刷。
New houses are being built near our town.
我們鎮上附近正在蓋新房子。
The car is being washed at the moment.
那台車現在正在被清洗。
The road was being repaired when I passed by.
我經過的時候，那條路正在修理。
The document was being translated all afternoon.
那份文件整個下午都在被翻譯。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The house is being painted.
The letter has been sent.
The road was being repaired.
The project will have been completed.
The keys had been lost.