進階 · Unit 33
被動語態 — 助動詞
有助動詞的句子，被動語態是「助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」的形態，助動詞維持不變，只把主要動詞改成 be + 過去分詞。不管來的是 can, must, should, will, may 等哪一個助動詞，這條規則都一樣。
概念說明
有助動詞的句子，被動語態是「助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」的形態，助動詞維持不變，只把主要動詞改成 be + 過去分詞。不管來的是 can, must, should, will, may 等哪一個助動詞，這條規則都一樣。
A. 助動詞 + be + 過去分詞 — 基本形態
要把有助動詞的句子改成被動語態時，在助動詞和主要動詞之間放進 be，並把主要動詞改成過去分詞。助動詞後面的 be 維持原形不變。公式是助動詞 + be + 過去分詞。
| 助動詞 | 被動語態形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| can | can be + p.p. | It can be done in an hour. |
| must | must be + p.p. | Rules must be followed. |
| should | should be + p.p. | The door should be locked. |
| will | will be + p.p. | You will be informed soon. |
| may / might | may/might be + p.p. | It may be delayed. |
| have to | have to be + p.p. | This has to be finished today. |
- English can be learned at any age. (英語在任何年紀都可以學。)
- Seatbelts must be worn at all times. (安全帶必須全程繫好。)
- The email should be sent before noon. (那封電子郵件應該在中午前寄出。)
- The results will be announced tomorrow. (結果將於明天公布。)
B. 完成式助動詞被動 — 助動詞 + have been + 過去分詞
表示對過去的事情的推測、後悔或批評的完成式助動詞句子，被動語態是「助動詞 + have + been + 過去分詞」的形態。請把 should have been, must have been, could have been 當成一整塊來記。
| 助動詞 | 完成式被動形態 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| should have | should have been + p.p. | 早該被~ |
| must have | must have been + p.p. | 一定被~了 |
| could have | could have been + p.p. | 本來可能被~ |
| may/might have | may/might have been + p.p. | 也許被~了 |
- The letter should have been sent yesterday. (那封信昨天就該寄出去了。)
- The window must have been broken during the storm. (那扇窗戶一定是在暴風雨中破掉的。)
- The accident could have been prevented. (那場意外本來是可以防止的。)
- The keys might have been left in the car. (鑰匙也許被留在車上了。)
C. 常用的助動詞被動說法 — 規則、指示、禮貌
在規則、指示、客氣的請求、建議這類正式或有禮貌的語境裡，助動詞被動語態已經固定成慣用說法。在公告、說明書和會議資料中特別常見。
| 情況 | 常用的說法 |
|---|---|
| 規定、義務 | must be worn, must be signed, must be followed |
| 勸告、建議 | should be checked, should be avoided, should be turned off |
| 可能性、能力 | can be found, can be seen, can be reached |
| 預定、預告 | will be provided, will be announced, will be delivered |
- Photos can be taken inside the museum. (在博物館裡可以拍照。)
- Lunch will be provided during the workshop. (工作坊期間會提供午餐。)
- All bags must be checked at the entrance. (所有的包包都必須在入口接受檢查。)
- The password should be changed regularly. (密碼應該定期更換。)
重點整理
- 1助動詞被動語態是「助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」的形態，不管來的是哪一個助動詞，be 都維持原形不變。(例: The door should be locked.)
- 2帶有對過去的推測、後悔或批評的完成式助動詞被動是「助動詞 + have + been + 過去分詞」，請整塊記起來。(例: The letter should have been sent.)
- 3在規定、指示和說明書裡，must be worn, must be signed, will be provided 這類助動詞被動說法常常以慣用塊的形式出現。
- 4助動詞後面的 be 不會變成 is、are、was 等。(X: It can is done → O: It can be done)
- 5中文的「可以被~ / 必須被~ / 會被~」分別對應 can be + p.p. / must(should) be + p.p. / will be + p.p.。
例句
The problem can be solved easily.
那個問題可以輕鬆解決。
English can be learned at any age.
英語在任何年紀都可以學。
Photos can be taken inside the museum.
在博物館裡可以拍照。
Seatbelts must be worn at all times.
安全帶必須全程繫好。
This form must be filled out in English.
這張表格必須用英文填寫。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The problem can be solved easily.
Seatbelts must be worn at all times.
The report will be finished by Friday.
The letter should have been sent.
The door should be locked at night.