進階 · Unit 34
被動語態 — 否定句、疑問句
被動語態的否定和疑問都由 be 動詞負責，所以否定句在 be 動詞後面加 not，疑問句則把 be 動詞移到主詞前面。
概念說明
被動語態的否定和疑問都由 be 動詞負責，所以否定句在 be 動詞後面加 not，疑問句則把 be 動詞移到主詞前面。
A. 被動語態否定句 — be 動詞 + not + 過去分詞
被動語態的否定句是在 be 動詞正後面加上 not 來造句。在會話中，isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't 這類縮寫用得頻繁得多。公式是be + not + 過去分詞。
| 時態 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在式 | is/are not + p.p. | The room isn't cleaned on Sundays. |
| 過去式 | was/were not + p.p. | The letter wasn't sent yesterday. |
| 助動詞 | 助動詞 not + be + p.p. | It can't be done. |
| 完成式 | have/has/had not been + p.p. | The report hasn't been finished. |
- English isn't spoken everywhere in the world. (並不是世界上每個地方都使用英語。)
- The keys weren't found in the office. (鑰匙沒有在辦公室裡被找到。)
- This problem can't be solved easily. (這個問題沒辦法輕易解決。)
- The bridge hasn't been repaired yet. (那座橋還沒有被修好。)
B. 被動語態疑問句 — 把 be 動詞移到主詞前面
被動語態的疑問句是把 be 動詞移到主詞前面，做成 be + 主詞 + 過去分詞的語序。有助動詞時，助動詞會移到主詞前面。公式是be + 主詞 + 過去分詞 ...?。
| 時態 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在式 | Is/Are + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | Is English spoken here? |
| 過去式 | Was/Were + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | Was the door locked? |
| 助動詞 | 助動詞 + 主詞 + be + p.p. ...? | Can it be finished today? |
| 完成式 | Have/Has + 主詞 + been + p.p. ...? | Has the letter been sent? |
- Are the tickets sold at the door? (票是在入口處販售的嗎？)
- Was the window broken by the storm? (那扇窗戶是被暴風雨打破的嗎？)
- Can the report be finished by Friday? (那份報告可以在星期五之前完成嗎？)
- Has your car been repaired yet? (你的車已經修好了嗎？)
C. 有疑問詞的被動語態疑問句 — Why / When / Where / How
有疑問詞的被動語態疑問句，要把疑問詞放在句首，後面再接上 be + 主詞 + 過去分詞的語序。
| 疑問詞 | 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| when | When + be + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | When was the house built? |
| where | Where + be + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | Where was the meeting held? |
| why | Why + be + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | Why was she invited? |
| how | How + be + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | How is this word used? |
| by whom | By whom + be + 主詞 + p.p. ...? | By whom was this painted? |
- When was this photo taken? (這張照片是什麼時候拍的？)
- Where were these shoes made? (這雙鞋是在哪裡製造的？)
- Why was the flight canceled? (那個航班為什麼被取消了？)
- How is coffee grown in Brazil? (咖啡在巴西是怎麼種植的？)
重點整理
- 1被動語態的否定句是在 be 動詞後面加 not，做成 be + not + 過去分詞的形態。(例: The letter wasn't sent yesterday.)
- 2被動語態的疑問句是把 be 動詞移到主詞前面，做成 be + 主詞 + 過去分詞的語序。(例: Was the door locked?)
- 3在助動詞、完成式的被動語態中，否定詞一樣放在助動詞後面，疑問時助動詞則移到主詞前面。(例: Can it be finished? / It hasn't been finished.)
- 4有疑問詞的被動語態疑問句，在疑問詞後面原封不動地接上 be + 主詞 + 過去分詞的語序。(例: When was the house built?)
- 5中文的「沒有被~」、「被~了嗎？」可以直接對應到被動語態的否定和疑問。
例句
The email is not written in English.
那封電子郵件不是用英語寫的。
English isn't spoken everywhere in the world.
並不是世界上每個地方都說英語。
The window wasn't broken by the children.
那扇窗戶不是被孩子們打破的。
The keys weren't found in the office.
鑰匙沒有在辦公室裡被找到。
This problem can't be solved easily.
這個問題沒辦法輕易解決。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The letter wasn't sent.
Is the office cleaned every day?
Was this novel written by her?
The problem can't be solved easily.
When was the house built?