進階 · Unit 35
被動語態 — 動詞片語
像 look after, take care of, laugh at 這樣，動詞和介系詞·副詞凝固成一個意義整體的動詞片語，要當成一個動詞整組來造被動語態。就算變成被動語態，後面的介系詞也一定會原樣留下。
概念說明
像 look after, take care of, laugh at 這樣，動詞和介系詞·副詞凝固成一個意義整體的動詞片語，要當成一個動詞整組來造被動語態。就算變成被動語態，後面的介系詞也一定會原樣留下。
A. 什麼是動詞片語 — 動詞 + 介系詞·副詞成為一個整體
動詞片語是動詞後面加上介系詞或副詞，構成一個全新意思的說法，整體被當成一個動詞看待。look after 是「照顧~」，laugh at 是「嘲笑~」，各自是一個意義整體。
| 動詞片語 | 意思 | 例句 (主動) |
|---|---|---|
| look after | 照顧 | She looks after the children. |
| take care of | 照顧·管理 | He takes care of the plants. |
| laugh at | 嘲笑 | They laughed at his joke. |
| deal with | 應付·處理 | We dealt with the issue. |
| look into | 調查 | The police looked into the case. |
| talk about | 談論~ | We talked about the plan. |
- The nurse looks after the patients. (那位護理師照顧病患。)
- Please take care of my dog while I'm away. (我不在的時候請幫我照顧我的狗。)
- We should not laugh at other people's mistakes. (我們不應該嘲笑別人的錯誤。)
B. 動詞片語的被動語態 — be + 過去分詞 + 介系詞保留
動詞片語的被動語態只把動詞改成 be + 過去分詞，後面的介系詞·副詞維持原樣。介系詞一消失，原本的意思就垮掉了。公式是 be + 過去分詞 + 介系詞維持。
| 主動語態 | 被動語態 |
|---|---|
| Grandma looks after the baby. | The baby is looked after by grandma. |
| Someone laughed at him. | He was laughed at. |
| They dealt with the problem. | The problem was dealt with. |
| The police looked into the case. | The case was looked into. |
- The children are taken care of by their aunt. (那些孩子由阿姨照顧。)
- The issue has been dealt with by the manager. (那個問題已經由經理處理了。)
- This case will be looked into next week. (這個案子下週會進行調查。)
- He was laughed at in front of everyone. (他在大家面前被嘲笑了。)
C. 代表性動詞片語整理 — 常以被動出現的
下面這些動詞片語，在強調對象受到什麼樣的對待時特別常用被動語態。當成慣用說法整組記起來，實戰中就能馬上運用。
| 動詞片語 | 意思 | 被動語態例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look up to | 尊敬 | He is looked up to by his team. |
| look down on | 輕視 | She was looked down on unfairly. |
| put off | 延期 | The meeting was put off. |
| carry out | 執行 | The plan was carried out smoothly. |
| turn on / off | 打開 / 關掉 | The lights were turned off. |
| bring up | 養育·撫養 | She was brought up by her aunt. |
| point out | 指出 | The mistake was pointed out by the teacher. |
- The teacher is looked up to by all the students. (那位老師受到所有學生的尊敬。)
- The event was put off until next month. (那個活動延期到下個月。)
- The plan was carried out successfully. (那個計畫成功地執行了。)
- She was brought up in a small town. (她在一個小鎮長大。)
重點整理
- 1動詞片語改成被動語態時，只把動詞換成 be + 過去分詞，後面的介系詞·副詞絕對不能省略。(例: The baby is looked after.)
- 2look after, take care of, laugh at, deal with, look into 這些代表性的動詞片語，當成一個意義整體整組背下來，改成被動語態就會很自然。
- 3就算變成被動語態，by + 行為者還是放在句尾、接在介系詞後面。(例: He was laughed at by his classmates.)
- 4put off, carry out, bring up, point out 這種加副詞的動詞片語也用同樣的規則造被動語態，副詞一樣要保留。(例: The plan was carried out.)
- 5中文很自然的「照顧~」換成 look after 時，少了後面的 after 意思就完全不同。
例句
The baby is looked after by grandma.
那個寶寶由奶奶照顧。
The children are taken care of by their aunt.
那些孩子由阿姨照顧。
Old people should be taken care of.
老年人應該受到照顧。
He was laughed at by his classmates.
他被同班同學嘲笑了。
The problem has been dealt with.
那個問題已經處理好了。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The baby is looked after by grandma.
He was laughed at by his classmates.
The problem has been dealt with.
The plan was carried out successfully.
She was brought up in a small town.