Perbandingan - kesetaraan bentuk asal (as ~ as)
Perbandingan setara memakai bentuk asal kata sifat atau kata keterangan untuk menyatakan bahwa dua hal sama tarafnya, dan ditulis dengan pola as + bentuk asal + as.
Penjelasan
Perbandingan setara memakai bentuk asal kata sifat atau kata keterangan untuk menyatakan bahwa dua hal sama tarafnya, dan ditulis dengan pola as + bentuk asal + as. Bentuk ingkarnya, not as/so + bentuk asal + as, berarti 'tidak se… ~', dan kalau di depannya dibubuhi ungkapan kelipatan, dapat pula dinyatakan berapa kali lipat tarafnya.
A. as + bentuk asal + as — struktur dasar kesetaraan
Untuk menyatakan bahwa dua hal sama tarafnya pada suatu sifat, taruh bentuk asal kata sifat atau kata keterangan itu apa adanya di antara as dan as. Termasuk kata sifat atau kata keterangan ditentukan oleh perannya di dalam kalimat, sedangkan bentuknya tetap seperti semula. Rumusnya, as + bentuk asal + as = sama … dengan ~.
| Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|
| as + kata sifat + as | She is as smart as Kevin. |
| as + kata keterangan + as | He works as hard as Anna. |
| as + many + kata benda + as | I have as many books as you. |
| as + much + kata benda + as | We drink as much water as they do. |
- Anna is as friendly as her sister. (Anna sama ramahnya dengan kakaknya.)
- Kevin speaks Japanese as fluently as a native. (Kevin berbicara bahasa Jepang selancar penutur asli.)
- I have as many friends as my brother does. (Saya punya teman sebanyak adik saya.)
- We arrived as early as the guests. (Kami tiba sepagi para tamu.)
B. not as/so + bentuk asal + as — kesetaraan diingkari
Bentuk ingkar as ~ as adalah not as + bentuk asal + as atau not so + bentuk asal + as, dan arti kedua bentuk itu sama. Artinya 'tidak se… ~', sehingga secara tidak langsung menyatakan bahwa hal di belakangnyalah yang lebih ….
| Bentuk | Arti | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| not as + bentuk asal + as | tidak se… ~ | He is not as tall as his father. |
| not so + bentuk asal + as | tidak se… ~ (arti sama) | He is not so tall as his father. |
| Penegasan tak langsung | menyiratkan yang di belakang lebih … | Today isn't as hot as yesterday. (= kemarin lebih panas) |
- This restaurant isn't as expensive as I thought. (Rumah makan ini tidak semahal yang saya kira.)
- Anna isn't as tall as her mother. (Anna tidak setinggi ibunya.)
- Kevin doesn't work as hard as his colleagues. (Kevin tidak bekerja segiat rekan-rekannya.)
- The exam wasn't as difficult as I expected. (Ujian itu tidak sesulit yang saya duga.)
C. Kelipatan — twice as / three times as / half as
Kalau ungkapan kelipatan dibubuhkan di depan as ~ as, dapat dinyatakan berapa kali lipat tarafnya. Dua kali dinyatakan dengan twice, tiga kali ke atas dengan angka + times, dan setengah dengan half, dan semuanya berada di depan as + bentuk asal + as.
| Ungkapan kelipatan | Arti | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| twice as ~ as | dua kali lipat … | This is twice as big as that. |
| three times as ~ as | tiga kali lipat … | He earns three times as much as I do. |
| half as ~ as | hanya setengahnya … | Her room is half as big as mine. |
| as ~ as possible | sebisa mungkin … | Come as soon as possible. |
- My car is twice as fast as his. (Mobil saya dua kali lebih cepat daripada mobilnya.)
- Anna earns three times as much as her sister. (Anna berpenghasilan tiga kali lebih banyak daripada kakaknya.)
- Kevin's apartment is half as expensive as mine. (Harga apartemen Kevin setengah dari apartemen saya.)
- Please reply as soon as possible. (Mohon balas secepat mungkin.)
Poin penting
- 1Di antara as dan as masuk bentuk asal(bentuk semula) kata sifat atau kata keterangan, dan bentuk perbandingan(-er) atau bentuk superlatif(-est) tidak dipakai. (Contoh: as tall as / X: as taller as)
- 2Perbandingan jumlah dan kuantitas pun bisa ditangani pola as ~ as lewat bentuk as many + kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung + as dan as much + kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung + as. (Contoh: I have as many books as you.)
- 3Bentuk ingkarnya bisa not as ~ as maupun not so ~ as dengan arti yang sama, tetapi dalam percakapan not as ~ as lebih sering dipakai. (Contoh: He isn't as tall as his father.)
- 4Alih-alih two times dipakai twice, kelipatan lainnya dinyatakan dengan angka + times, dan semuanya berada di depan as + bentuk asal + as. (Contoh: twice as big as / three times as much as)
- 5Seperti as soon as possible·as much as possible, pola as ~ as possible adalah ungkapan lazim yang berarti 'sebisa mungkin …' dan sering dipakai dalam percakapan dan surel.