進階 · Unit 41
比較 — 原級同等比較 (as ~ as)
原級同等比較是利用形容詞、副詞的原級表示兩個對象程度相同的說法，寫成 as + 原級 + as 的形態。否定形 not as/so + 原級 + as 的意思是「沒有那麼…」，在前面加上倍數說法，還可以表示是幾倍…。
概念說明
原級同等比較是利用形容詞、副詞的原級表示兩個對象程度相同的說法，寫成 as + 原級 + as 的形態。否定形 not as/so + 原級 + as 的意思是「沒有~那麼…」，在前面加上倍數說法，還可以表示是幾倍…。
A. as + 原級 + as — 表示相同的基本句型
要表示兩個對象在某個性質上程度相同時，就把形容詞、副詞的原級原封不動放在 as 和 as 之間。是形容詞還是副詞由它在句子裡的角色決定，形態則維持原本的樣子。公式是 as + 原級 + as = 和~一樣…。
| 結構 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| as + 形容詞 + as | She is as smart as Kevin. |
| as + 副詞 + as | He works as hard as Anna. |
| as + many + 名詞 + as | I have as many books as you. |
| as + much + 名詞 + as | We drink as much water as they do. |
- Anna is as friendly as her sister. (Anna 和她姊姊一樣親切。)
- Kevin speaks Japanese as fluently as a native. (Kevin 的日文說得和母語人士一樣流利。)
- I have as many friends as my brother does. (我的朋友和我弟弟一樣多。)
- We arrived as early as the guests. (我們和客人一樣早到。)
B. not as/so + 原級 + as — 否定的同等比較
as ~ as 的否定形是 not as + 原級 + as 或 not so + 原級 + as 的形態，兩種形態意思相同。意思是「沒有~那麼…」，結果上是迂迴地表達後面那個對象比較…。
| 形態 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| not as + 原級 + as | 沒有~那麼… | He is not as tall as his father. |
| not so + 原級 + as | 沒有~那麼… (意思相同) | He is not so tall as his father. |
| 迂迴強調 | 暗示後面那個比較… | Today isn't as hot as yesterday. (= 昨天比較熱) |
- This restaurant isn't as expensive as I thought. (這家餐廳沒有我想的那麼貴。)
- Anna isn't as tall as her mother. (Anna 沒有她媽媽那麼高。)
- Kevin doesn't work as hard as his colleagues. (Kevin 工作沒有同事那麼努力。)
- The exam wasn't as difficult as I expected. (那場考試沒有我預期的那麼難。)
C. 倍數說法 — twice as / three times as / half as
在 as ~ as 前面加上倍數說法，就可以表示是幾倍…。兩倍用 twice，三倍以上用數字 + times，一半用 half，全都放在 as + 原級 + as 前面。
| 倍數說法 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| twice as ~ as | 兩倍… | This is twice as big as that. |
| three times as ~ as | 三倍… | He earns three times as much as I do. |
| half as ~ as | 只有一半… | Her room is half as big as mine. |
| as ~ as possible | 盡可能… | Come as soon as possible. |
- My car is twice as fast as his. (我的車比他的快兩倍。)
- Anna earns three times as much as her sister. (Anna 賺的比她姊姊多三倍。)
- Kevin's apartment is half as expensive as mine. (Kevin 的公寓價錢是我的一半。)
- Please reply as soon as possible. (請盡快回覆。)
重點整理
- 1as ~ as 之間要放形容詞、副詞的原級(原本的形態)，不能用比較級(-er)或最高級(-est)。(例: as tall as / X: as taller as)
- 2用 as many + 可數複數名詞 + as、as much + 不可數名詞 + as 的形態，數與量的比較也可以用 as ~ as 句型處理。(例: I have as many books as you.)
- 3否定形 not as ~ as 和 not so ~ as 兩種都會用，意思相同，但會話中 not as ~ as 更常用。(例: He isn't as tall as his father.)
- 4兩倍不用 two times 而用 twice，其他倍數用數字 + times，全都放在 as + 原級 + as 前面。(例: twice as big as / three times as much as)
- 5像 as soon as possible、as much as possible 這樣，as ~ as possible 是「盡可能…」的慣用說法，在會話與電子郵件中很常用。
例句
Kevin is as tall as his older brother.
Kevin 和他哥哥一樣高。
Anna is as friendly as her sister.
Anna 和她姊姊一樣親切。
She runs as fast as any athlete in her class.
她跑得和班上任何一位選手一樣快。
This coffee is as sweet as hot chocolate.
這杯咖啡和熱巧克力一樣甜。
Today is as cold as yesterday morning.
今天和昨天早上一樣冷。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
Kevin is as tall as his brother.
She runs as fast as Anna.
I have as many books as you.
This is twice as big as that.
Please reply as soon as possible.