進階 · Unit 40
被動語態 — 慣用表達 (by 以外的介系詞)
被動語態通常會加上 by + 行為者，但表示情緒、狀態、關心的部分說法，不是用 by，而是和 in, at, with, to, for, as, about, of 這些不同的介系詞搭配。把搭配整組記起來，實戰時就能用得很自然。
概念說明
被動語態通常會加上 by + 行為者，但表示情緒、狀態、關心的部分說法，不是用 by，而是和 in, at, with, to, for, as, about, of 這些不同的介系詞搭配。把搭配整組記起來，實戰時就能用得很自然。
A. 情緒、關心的說法 — in / at / about / with
表示關心、驚訝、擔心、興奮這類情緒狀態的被動語態，會在情緒對象前面慣用不同的介系詞。請把這些不是 by 的介系詞和情緒形容詞配成一組記起來。
| 情緒說法 | 介系詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| be interested | in | be interested in music |
| be surprised | at / by | be surprised at the news |
| be excited | about | be excited about the trip |
| be worried | about | be worried about my son |
| be pleased | with | be pleased with the result |
| be shocked | at / by | be shocked at the accident |
| be disappointed | with / in | be disappointed with the movie |
- Anna is interested in classical music. (Anna 對古典音樂有興趣。)
- We were surprised at how quiet the kids were. (孩子們有多安靜，讓我們很驚訝。)
- Kevin is excited about his new job. (Kevin 對新工作感到很興奮。)
- I am worried about my grandmother's health. (我很擔心奶奶的健康。)
B. 狀態、性質的說法 — with / of
表示充滿、被覆蓋、滿意、厭倦、由~組成這類狀態、組成的被動語態，慣用的是 with 或 of。特別要注意 be filled、be covered、be satisfied、be tired 各自搭配的介系詞。
| 狀態說法 | 介系詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| be filled | with | be filled with water |
| be covered | with | be covered with snow |
| be satisfied | with | be satisfied with the service |
| be tired | of | be tired of his excuses |
| be made | of / from | be made of wood |
| be composed | of | be composed of five members |
- The bottle is filled with fresh orange juice. (那個瓶子裝滿了新鮮的柳橙汁。)
- Everything is covered with dust in this room. (這個房間裡的每樣東西都覆蓋著灰塵。)
- Kevin is satisfied with his new apartment. (Kevin 對新公寓很滿意。)
- I am tired of hearing the same story. (我聽同樣的故事聽膩了。)
C. be known + 各種介系詞 — to / for / as / by
be known 是意思會隨著後面的介系詞完全改變的代表性被動語態慣用說法。to 是「被所知」，for 是「以聞名(特性)」，as 是「以的身分為人所知(資格、角色)」，by 是「由而為人所知(作者、發現者)」，各自要分清楚。公式是 be known to/for/as/by (意思隨介系詞而不同)。
| 說法 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| be known to | 被~所知 | She is known to everyone. |
| be known for | 以~聞名 (特性) | Kevin is known for his humor. |
| be known as | 以~為人所知 (資格) | He is known as a great leader. |
| be known by | 由~而為人所知 (作者、發現) | The song is known by everyone in Korea. |
- The restaurant is known to all the locals. (那家餐廳當地人都知道。)
- Anna is known for her beautiful voice. (Anna 以美妙的歌聲聞名。)
- Kevin is known as the best coach in the city. (Kevin 被視為這座城市最好的教練。)
- The novel is known by almost every reader in Korea. (那本小說幾乎韓國所有的讀者都知道。)
重點整理
- 1情緒、關心的被動語態，對象前面慣用的不是 by，而是 in(關心)、at(驚訝)、about(興奮、擔心)，請把這些搭配和情緒形容詞一起記起來。(例: interested in, excited about, surprised at)
- 2be filled、be covered、be satisfied 搭配 with，be tired、be composed、be made(材料)則搭配 of。(例: filled with water / tired of excuses)
- 3be known 的意思會隨後面的介系詞完全改變，所以要分清楚 to(對~而言)、for(特性)、as(資格)、by(作者、發現)。(例: known for her voice / known as a leader)
- 4be married to、be engaged to 是人的前面接 to 的關係說法，不會用 by。(例: She is married to Kevin.)
- 5中文的「對~有興趣」、「以~聞名」、「對~滿意」在英文裡各自搭配不同的介系詞，所以每個說法都把搭配的介系詞整組記起來比較有效率。
例句
I am interested in learning Japanese.
我對學日文有興趣。
Anna is interested in classical music.
Anna 對古典音樂有興趣。
She was surprised at the sudden noise.
她對突然的聲響感到驚訝。
Kevin is excited about his upcoming trip.
Kevin 對即將到來的旅行感到很興奮。
I am worried about the exam results.
我很擔心考試結果。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I am interested in music.
The room is filled with flowers.
Kevin is known for his humor.
She is married to a doctor.
I am tired of the same food.