基礎 · Unit 31
附加問句 (be 動詞 + 一般動詞)
附加問句是在直述句後面加上簡短問句，用來確認、徵求同意的表達，前面是肯定就用否定，前面是否定就用肯定，形成相反的極性，並用逗號和本句分開，主詞一定要用代名詞。
概念說明
附加問句是在直述句後面加上簡短問句，用來確認、徵求同意的表達，前面是肯定就用否定，前面是否定就用肯定，形成相反的極性，並用逗號和本句分開，主詞一定要用代名詞。
A. 相反極性的原理 — 肯定 ↔ 否定
附加問句的第一個原理，就是前面的直述句是肯定，後面就用否定；前面是否定，後面就用肯定，形成相反的極性。公式是肯定句 → 否定附加問句 / 否定句 → 肯定附加問句 ，而附加問句裡的主詞要把前面的主詞換成代名詞。
| 前面的直述句 | 附加問句 | 對應 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 (is / are) | isn't / aren't + 主詞 | 相反 |
| 否定 (isn't / aren't) | is / are + 主詞 | 相反 |
| 肯定 (一般動詞) | doesn't / don't + 主詞 | 相反 |
| 否定 (doesn't / don't) | does / do + 主詞 | 相反 |
- Tom is your brother, isn't he? (Tom 是你弟弟吧，不是嗎？)
- Anna isn't home, is she? (Anna 不在家吧，對吧？)
- The students study hard, don't they? (學生們很用功吧，不是嗎？)
- Kevin doesn't smoke, does he? (Kevin 不抽菸吧，對吧？)
B. be 動詞句子的附加問句
有 be 動詞的直述句，就把那個 be 動詞原封不動地再寫進附加問句，做成相反的極性。否定縮寫(isn't, aren't, wasn't, weren't)比較自然，而 am 的否定附加問句習慣上用 aren't I。
| 直述句 | 附加問句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| ~ is | isn't + 主詞？ | He is tired, isn't he? |
| ~ isn't | is + 主詞？ | She isn't ready, is she? |
| ~ are | aren't + 主詞？ | They are here, aren't they? |
| ~ were | weren't + 主詞？ | You were at school, weren't you? |
| I am | aren't I? | I am late, aren't I? |
- Your sister is a nurse, isn't she? (你姊姊是護士吧，不是嗎？)
- It isn't raining, is it? (沒有在下雨吧，對吧？)
- We are going the right way, aren't we? (我們走的方向是對的吧，不是嗎？)
- They were at the meeting, weren't they? (他們有在會議上吧，不是嗎？)
C. 一般動詞句子的附加問句
用一般動詞的直述句，要借用符合時態、人稱的 do / does / did 當助動詞來造附加問句。第三人稱單數現在式用 doesn't/does，其他現在式用 don't/do，過去式用 didn't/did。
| 時態、人稱 | 肯定 → 附加問句 | 否定 → 附加問句 |
|---|---|---|
| 第三人稱單數現在式 | ~ + doesn't + 主詞？ | ~ + does + 主詞？ |
| 其他現在式 | ~ + don't + 主詞？ | ~ + do + 主詞？ |
| 過去式 | ~ + didn't + 主詞？ | ~ + did + 主詞？ |
- She likes coffee, doesn't she? (她喜歡咖啡吧，不是嗎？)
- You know Anna, don't you? (你認識 Anna 吧，不是嗎？)
- Tom finished his homework, didn't he? (Tom 寫完功課了吧，不是嗎？)
- They don't work here, do they? (他們不在這裡工作吧，對吧？)
- He didn't call yesterday, did he? (他昨天沒打電話吧，對吧？)
重點整理
- 1附加問句的核心，就是前面是肯定後面就用否定，前面是否定後面就用肯定，形成相反的極性。(例: She is..., isn't she? / She isn't..., is she?)
- 2be 動詞的句子再寫一次同樣的 be 動詞，一般動詞的句子則借用符合時態、人稱的 do/does/did 當助動詞，這是形態的骨架。
- 3附加問句裡的主詞，要把前面的主詞換成代名詞(he, she, it, they, we, I)。(例: Tom is nice, isn't he? — isn't Tom? 是錯的)
- 4I am 的附加問句是例外，習慣上用 aren't I?。(例: I am late, aren't I? — amn't I? 是錯的)
- 5附加問句的語調，已經知道答案只是要確認時用降調，沒有把握而發問時用升調。
- 6中文的「~對吧？」、「~不是嗎？」、「~是不是？」很自然地對應到附加問句。
例句
She is a teacher, isn't she?
她是老師吧，不是嗎？
Tom is your brother, isn't he?
Tom 是你弟弟吧，不是嗎？
You aren't busy right now, are you?
你現在不忙吧，對吧？
It isn't raining outside, is it?
外面沒有在下雨吧，對吧？
We are going the right way, aren't we?
我們走的方向是對的吧，不是嗎？
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She is a teacher, isn't she?
You aren't busy, are you?
He works here, doesn't he?
They went home, didn't they?
I am late, aren't I?