進階 · Unit 67
第五句型 — 名詞、形容詞的受詞補語
第五句型是「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語(OC)」的結構，在說明受詞身分或狀態的位置上放名詞或形容詞的句子。
概念說明
第五句型是「主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語(OC)」的結構，在說明受詞身分或狀態的位置上放名詞或形容詞的句子。
A. 名詞受詞補語 — call, name, elect, appoint
call·name·elect·make·appoint·consider 這一類在受詞後面放名詞補語，造出「把受詞叫做~、當作~、任命為~」的意思。在 S + V + O + OC (名詞) 這個公式裡，「受詞 = 補語」的關係成立。
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| call | 把~叫做… | They call him Ken. |
| name | 把~命名為… | She named her cat Luna. |
| elect | 選~為… | They elected her mayor. |
| make | 讓~成為… | The board made him CEO. |
| appoint | 任命~為… | They appointed her director. |
- My friends call me Andy. (朋友們都叫我 Andy。)
- We named our son Lucas. (我們把兒子取名為 Lucas。)
- The party elected him leader. (那個政黨選他當黨魁。)
- They consider Anna a genius. (他們認為 Anna 是天才。)
B. 形容詞受詞補語 — keep, make, find, leave
keep·make·find·leave·think·consider 這一類在受詞後面放形容詞補語，造出「讓受詞變成的狀態、維持、認為~」的意思。這個位置一定要放形容詞，不是副詞。
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| keep | 讓~維持在…的狀態 | Keep the room clean. |
| make | 讓~變得… | Music makes me calm. |
| find | 覺得~是…的 | I found the book interesting. |
| leave | 讓~保持…的樣子 | Don't leave the door open. |
| consider | 認為~是…的 | They consider him reliable. |
- The coffee kept me awake all night. (咖啡讓我整晚都睡不著。)
- The exam made her nervous. (考試讓她很緊張。)
- We found the hotel comfortable. (我們覺得那家飯店很舒適。)
- Please leave me alone for a while. (請讓我一個人靜一下。)
C. 名詞補語 vs 形容詞補語 — 兩種類型對比
名詞補語是「叫做~、當作~」這種賦予身分或職位，形容詞補語是「使其~、認為~」這種賦予狀態或性質，意思不一樣。同一個動詞(make、consider 等)也會因為後面接的是名詞還是形容詞而意思不同。
| 對比 | 名詞補語 | 形容詞補語 |
|---|---|---|
| make | make him president (讓他當總統) | make him happy (讓他快樂) |
| consider | consider her a friend (當作朋友) | consider her kind (認為她親切) |
| find | find him a good teacher (覺得他是好老師) | find him interesting (覺得他有趣) |
- They made him captain of the team. (他們讓他當隊長。)
- The gift made her happy. (那份禮物讓她很開心。)
- I consider him my best friend. (我把他當作最好的朋友。)
- I consider him trustworthy. (我認為他值得信賴。)
重點整理
- 1第五句型的判別標準，是受詞和受詞補語之間成立「受詞 = 補語」的關係。(例: They elected him president. → him = president)
- 2make·find·consider·keep 後面一定要接形容詞，不能接副詞，這條規則一定要守住。(例: made me happy.)
- 3call·name·elect·appoint 搭配名詞補語，keep·leave·find·think 搭配形容詞補語，成組記起來會很方便。
- 4make·consider·find 後面名詞補語和形容詞補語都可以接，意思會隨著上下文改變，需要培養這種語感。(例: make him president / make him happy)
- 5表示職位或頭銜的名詞補語，習慣上不加冠詞(a/the)。(例: They elected her mayor.)
例句
They elected him president.
他們選他當總統。
We named the puppy Milo.
我們把那隻小狗取名為 Milo。
My friends call me Andy.
朋友們都叫我 Andy。
The board made him CEO.
董事會任命他為 CEO。
They appointed her director.
他們任命她為董事。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
The news made her happy.
They elected him president.
I found the book interesting.
Keep the door open.
We named our puppy Milo.