進階 · Unit 68
第五句型 — 使役動詞 (have, let, make)
使役動詞 have·let·make 在受詞後面放不帶 to 的原形動詞，構成「讓受詞去做…」的意思。
概念說明
使役動詞 have·let·make 在受詞後面放不帶 to 的原形動詞，構成「讓受詞去做…」的意思。
A. 基本結構 — have / let / make + O + 原形動詞
使役動詞 have·let·make 在受詞後面放不帶 to 的原形動詞，完成「讓某人做某事」的意思。have / let / make + O + 原形動詞 這個公式要整個記起來。get 雖然也有使役的意思，但要用「get + O + to 不定詞」的形態，和使役動詞三人組區分開來。
| 形態 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| have + O + 原形動詞 | I had him fix my computer. |
| let + O + 原形動詞 | She let me borrow her car. |
| make + O + 原形動詞 | They made him apologize. |
| (參考) get + O + to 不定詞 | I got him to help me. |
- I had my sister help me with the homework. (我請妹妹幫我做功課。)
- My boss let me leave early today. (今天主管讓我提早下班。)
- The teacher made us write an essay. (老師要我們寫一篇短文。)
- Please let me know your decision. (請告訴我你的決定。)
B. 三個動詞的語感 — have(請求) / let(允許) / make(強迫)
have 是拜託·請求，let 是允許，make 是強迫，三者的語感各不相同，所以就算結構一樣，意思也會差很多。
| 動詞 | 語感 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have | 請求·指派 (語氣自然) | I had the plumber fix the sink. |
| let | 允許·放任 | My mom let me go to the party. |
| make | 強迫·勉強 | The rain made us stay indoors. |
- I had my friend pick me up at the station. (我請朋友到車站來接我。)
- Please let me try one more time. (請讓我再試一次。)
- The strict rules made the students study hard. (嚴格的規定讓學生們用功讀書。)
- She made him apologize for being late. (她要他為遲到道歉。)
C. have + O + 過去分詞 — 被動關係時
當受詞和後面動作之間是「受詞被~·受到~」的被動關係時，就用過去分詞(p.p.)代替原形動詞。have·get + O + p.p. 是「(請別人)把~弄成…」這種表示服務·間接經驗的慣用說法。
| 形態 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| have + O + p.p. | 讓~變成… (服務) | I had my hair cut. |
| have + O + p.p. | ~遭受… (受害) | I had my wallet stolen. |
| get + O + p.p. | 讓~變成… (口語) | I got my car fixed. |
- I had my phone repaired at the store. (我在店裡把手機拿去修好了。)
- She had her passport renewed last week. (她上週辦好了護照的換發。)
- I had my bag stolen on the subway. (我在地鐵上包包被偷了。)
- We got the room cleaned before the guests arrived. (我們在客人到之前請人把房間打掃好了。)
重點整理
- 1使役動詞 have·let·make 後面一定要接不帶 to 的原形動詞，這是最常出錯的地方。(例: made him cry.)
- 2have 是自然的請求，let 是允許，make 是強迫，語感區分得很清楚，先掌握這種感覺才能依情況選用。(例: let me know — 請告訴我)
- 3當受詞是承受動作的被動關係時，要用 have + O + 過去分詞(p.p.) 的形態，這條規則在實際運用中非常常需要。(例: I had my hair cut.)
- 4get 雖然有使役的意思，但對人用 to 不定詞，對事物用過去分詞，這個例外要一起記起來。(例: I got him to help. / I got my car fixed.)
- 5Let me ~ 是會話中非常常用的慣用說法。(例: Let me know, Let me try, Let me help you.)
例句
I had my brother carry the box.
我請哥哥把箱子搬過去。
My parents let me stay out late.
父母讓我在外面待到很晚。
The movie made us cry.
那部電影讓我們哭了。
I had my sister help me with the homework.
我請妹妹幫我做功課。
My boss let me leave early today.
今天主管讓我提早下班。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
She made him apologize.
My parents let me stay out late.
I had my hair cut yesterday.
The teacher made us write an essay.
I got my car fixed at the shop.