進階 · Unit 70
第五句型 — to 不定詞的受詞補語
want·ask·tell·advise·allow·expect·order·force 這一類動詞會在受詞後面放 to 不定詞，造出「讓受詞去做…·請求·期待」這樣的第五句型。
概念說明
want·ask·tell·advise·allow·expect·order·force 這一類動詞會在受詞後面放 to 不定詞，造出「讓受詞去做…·請求·期待」這樣的第五句型。
A. 接不定詞當受詞補語的動詞
want·expect·ask·tell·order·allow·advise·encourage·remind·persuade·warn·force·enable 這一類動詞一定要在受詞後面放 to 不定詞，才能完成第五句型。請把 動詞 + O + to 不定詞 這個公式整組記起來。
| 動詞 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| want | 希望~做… | I want you to come. |
| ask | 請求~做… | She asked me to wait. |
| tell | 叫~做… | He told me to leave. |
| advise | 建議~做… | I advise you to rest. |
| expect | 期待~會做… | We expect him to win. |
| allow | 允許~做… | They allowed us to enter. |
| encourage | 鼓勵~做… | She encouraged me to try. |
- I want her to succeed in her career. (我希望她在職涯上成功。)
- The manager asked us to work overtime. (經理要求我們加班。)
- My mom told me to clean my room. (媽媽叫我打掃房間。)
- The rain forced us to cancel the picnic. (因為下雨，我們不得不取消野餐。)
B. 語序 — 動詞 + 受詞 + to 不定詞
這一類的第五句型一定要用「動詞 + 受詞(對誰) + to 不定詞(做什麼)」的語序。常見的錯誤是漏掉受詞的位置，或是把語序調換。
| 語序 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| S + V + O + to 不定詞 | I want you to come. |
| S + V + O + to 不定詞 | She asked me to help her. |
| S + V + O + to 不定詞 | They expected him to arrive early. |
- I expect you to be on time. (我期待你能準時。)
- She encouraged her son to study abroad. (她鼓勵兒子出國留學。)
- The doctor advised him to quit smoking. (醫生建議他戒菸。)
- Please remind me to call him tomorrow. (請提醒我明天打電話給他。)
C. 與使役·感官動詞的對比 — 原形 vs to 不定詞
使役動詞(have·let·make)和感官動詞(see·hear·feel)用的是不加 to 的原形不定詞，而 want·ask·tell 這一類用的是 to 不定詞，兩者界線分明。
| 動詞群組 | 形態 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 使役動詞 (have, let, make) | O + 原形不定詞 | She made me laugh. |
| 感官動詞 (see, hear, feel) | O + 原形 / -ing / p.p. | I saw him run. |
| 第五句型一般動詞 (want, ask, tell) | O + to 不定詞 | I want him to run. |
| 使役/感官 (原形) | to 不定詞 |
|---|---|
| The teacher made us write an essay. | The teacher told us to write an essay. |
| I saw her sing. | I want her to sing. |
| My mom let me go. | My mom allowed me to go. |
- The teacher made us write an essay. (老師要我們寫一篇作文。)
- The teacher told us to write an essay. (老師叫我們寫一篇作文。)
- I saw her sing. (我看到她唱歌。)
- I want her to sing. (我希望她唱歌。)
重點整理
- 1want·ask·tell·advise·allow·expect·order·force·encourage·remind 後面一定要接受詞 + to 不定詞，這個公式就是核心。(例: I want you to come.)
- 2使役動詞 make·have·let 後面接原形不定詞，want·tell·ask 後面接 to 不定詞，兩者界線分明，請把這組對照一起記起來。(例: made me laugh / told me to laugh)
- 3want 後面接的不是 that 子句而是 to 不定詞，這條規則對中文母語者來說是很常出錯的地方。(例: I want you to come.)
- 4tell·ask·advise 接 that 子句和接 to 不定詞都可以，但句子的語氣會不一樣，請培養這種語感。(例: He told me to leave / He told me that I should leave.)
- 5remind·warn·persuade 是會話和商務英語中很常用的第五句型動詞，整組記起來會很有用。(例: Remind me to call him.)
例句
I want you to come to my party.
我希望你來我的派對。
She asked me to help her.
她請我幫她。
The teacher told us to be quiet.
老師叫我們安靜。
My doctor advised me to exercise more.
我的醫生建議我多運動。
They allowed him to leave early.
他們允許他早點離開。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I want you to come to my party.
She asked me to help her.
The teacher told us to be quiet.
My mom told me to clean my room.
I expect him to arrive early.