進階 · Unit 58
關係詞 — 主要用 that 的情況
關係代名詞 that 大致上可以和 who、which 互換，不過 當先行詞是人和事物混在一起、被最高級、序數、the only、all、every 限定，或是句子以疑問詞 who、which 開頭時，都優先 用 that。
概念說明
關係代名詞 that 大致上可以和 who、which 互換，不過 當先行詞是人和事物混在一起、被最高級、序數、the only、all、every 限定，或是句子以疑問詞 who、which 開頭時，都優先 用 that。
A. 特殊先行詞 — 人+事物、最高級、序數、the only 等
先行詞裡人和事物同時出現，或是被最高級、序數、the only、the same、the very 強烈限定時，用 that 會比 who/which 自然。最高級 · the only · all + that 就是代表性的模式。
| 先行詞類型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 人 + 事物 | the boy and the dog that are running |
| 最高級 | the best book that I have read |
| 序數 | the first student that answered |
| the only / the very | the only person that knows / the very thing that I need |
| the same | the same problem that we had last year |
- This is the tallest building that I have ever seen. (這是我看過最高的建築物。)
- She is the only student that passed the exam. (她是唯一通過考試的學生。)
- It was the very moment that changed my life. (那正是改變我人生的那一刻。)
- We had the same lunch that they served yesterday. (我們吃了和昨天供應的一樣的午餐。)
B. 被 all、every、any、no 修飾的名詞與 -thing 代名詞
當先行詞是被 all、every、any、no、much、little、most 這類表示全稱或否定的形容詞修飾的名詞時，或者先行詞是 everything、something、nothing、anything 這類 -thing 代名詞時，用 that 也比較自然。
| 先行詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| all + 名詞 | all the money that we saved |
| every + 名詞 | every student that attended |
| no + 名詞 | no one that I know |
| -thing 代名詞 | everything that happened |
- All the food that was left is in the fridge. (剩下的食物全都在冰箱裡。)
- Every person that I spoke to agreed. (我談過的每一個人都同意。)
- There is nothing that I can do. (我什麼也做不了。)
- Anything that you say will help. (你說的任何話都會有幫助。)
C. 以疑問詞開頭的句子 — 避開 who、which
當句子以 who、which 這種疑問詞開頭時，關係代名詞再用一次 who、which 會很不自然，所以用 that 來避免重複。
| 不自然的句子 | 自然的句子 |
|---|---|
| Who is the man who is calling me? | Who is the man that is calling me? |
| Which is the book which you like? | Which is the book that you like? |
- Who is the woman that just walked in? (剛剛走進來的女生是誰？)
- Which is the option that you prefer? (你比較喜歡的選項是哪一個？)
- Who was the friend that called you last night? (昨晚打電話給你的朋友是誰？)
- Which is the answer that is correct? (正確的答案是哪一個？)
重點整理
- 1被最高級、序數、the only、the same、the very 強烈限定的名詞當先行詞時，用 that 會比 who/which 自然，請把這個慣用法記起來。(例: the best movie that I have seen)
- 2被 all、every、any、no、much、little、most 修飾的名詞，以及 -thing 代名詞(everything、nothing 等)也都和 that 成對，請抓住這個語感。(例: nothing that I can do)
- 3先行詞裡人和事物同時出現時，who 和 which 都不自然，所以要用兩者都能涵蓋的 that，請記住這條規則。(例: the boy and the dog that are running)
- 4句子以 who、which 這種疑問詞開頭時，關係子句裡不要再用 who/which，改用 that 來避免重複，請把這個慣用法記起來。(例: Who is the man that is calling?)
- 5that 人和事物都能承接，但是不能用在逗號後面的非限定用法，請記住這個例外。
例句
This is the best coffee that I have ever had.
這是我喝過最好喝的咖啡。
She was the first person that arrived at the party.
她是第一個到派對的人。
He is the only friend that really understands me.
他是唯一真正懂我的朋友。
That is the very book that I was looking for.
那正是我一直在找的那本書。
It's the same movie that we watched last week.
那是我們上週看過的同一部電影。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
This is the best book that I have ever read.
She is the only person that knows the answer.
Every student that came was welcomed.
Who is the man that is calling me?
There is nothing that I can do.