進階 · Unit 59
關係詞 — 關係代名詞 what
關係代名詞 what 本身就包含了先行詞，意思等同於 the thing(s) which/that，可以像名詞一樣放進主詞、受詞、補語的位置。和 that、which 不同，前面不需要先行詞，這是決定性的差異。
概念說明
關係代名詞 what 本身就包含了先行詞，意思等同於 the thing(s) which/that，可以像名詞一樣放進主詞、受詞、補語的位置。和 that、which 不同，前面不需要先行詞，這是決定性的差異。
A. what = the thing(s) which/that — 包含先行詞
what 內部已經含有先行詞，所以前面不會再另外寫出事物的先行詞，意思永遠等同於 the thing(s) which/that。請把 what = 先行詞 + 關係代名詞 這個公式整組記起來。
| 兩個句子 | 結合後 (what) |
|---|---|
| Tell me the thing. You saw it. | Tell me what you saw. |
| I understand the things. She said them. | I understand what she said. |
| Give me the thing. You have it. | Give me what you have. |
- What I want is a good night's sleep. (我想要的就是好好睡一覺。)
- Show me what is in the box. (請給我看箱子裡面的東西。)
- I remember what she wrote in her letter. (我記得她在信裡寫的內容。)
- He didn't understand what I meant. (他沒有理解我的意思。)
B. 在句中的角色 — 主詞、受詞、補語
what 引導的子句是名詞子句，所以可以自由地放進句子的主詞、動詞的受詞、介系詞的受詞、補語的位置，而它當主詞時，整個子句視為單數名詞。
| 角色 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 主詞 | What she said is true. |
| 動詞的受詞 | I know what you mean. |
| 介系詞的受詞 | Listen to what he says. |
| 補語 | This is what I want. |
- What matters is honesty. (重要的是誠實。)
- I don't remember what he asked. (我不記得他問了什麼。)
- We were surprised at what happened. (我們對發生的事情感到驚訝。)
- That's exactly what I was thinking. (那正是我當時在想的事。)
C. 慣用說法 — what is called, what is more
運用 what 的慣用說法中，what is called、what we call 是「所謂的」，what is more 是「而且」，what is worse 是「更糟的是」，都很常用。
| 慣用說法 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| what is called | 所謂的 | He is what is called a genius. |
| what we call | 所謂的 | This is what we call fusion cuisine. |
| what is more | 而且 | He is smart, and what is more, kind. |
| what is worse | 更糟的是 | It was late, and what is worse, raining. |
- She is what is called a self-made person. (她就是所謂白手起家的人。)
- This is what we call an emergency. (這就是我們所說的緊急狀況。)
- He is talented, and what is more, hardworking. (他很有才華，而且很認真。)
- The road was closed, and what is worse, we had no map. (道路封閉了，更糟的是，我們連地圖都沒有。)
重點整理
- 1關係代名詞 what 本身就包含先行詞，所以前面不會另外寫 the thing 或事物名詞，請遵守這條規則。(例: What she said is true)
- 2what 子句像名詞一樣放進主詞、受詞、補語的位置，當主詞時視為單數，請培養這種語感。(例: What matters is honesty)
- 3that、which 前面一定要有先行詞，但 what 不需要先行詞就能單獨引導子句，請記住這個決定性的差異。(例: I know the thing that happened / I know what happened)
- 4what is called / what we call 是「所謂的」，what is more 是「而且」，這些慣用說法在會話中很常出現，請記起來。(例: He is what is called a genius)
例句
What she said made everyone laugh.
她說的話讓大家都笑了。
I don't believe what he told me yesterday.
我不相信他昨天跟我說的話。
Tell me what you really want.
告訴我你真正想要的是什麼。
This is exactly what I was looking for.
這正是我一直在找的東西。
What matters most is your happiness.
最重要的是你的幸福。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
What she said is true.
I know what you want.
Tell me what you saw.
What she said is true.
This is what I need.