進階 · Unit 57
關係詞 — 所有格關係代名詞
所有格關係代名詞 whose 代替先行詞的所有格，後面不加冠詞直接接名詞，以 whose + 名詞的形態造出形容詞子句。事物先行詞也可以用 of which 來表達。
概念說明
所有格關係代名詞 whose 代替先行詞的所有格，後面不加冠詞直接接名詞，以 whose + 名詞的形態造出形容詞子句。事物先行詞也可以用 of which 來表達。
A. whose + 名詞 — 形態與基本規則
whose 代替的是先行詞的所有格，所以緊接在後面的是名詞，不加冠詞(a/the)也不加代名詞。請把 whose + 名詞 (不加冠詞) 這個公式整組記起來。
| 原本的兩個句子 | 結合後 (whose) |
|---|---|
| I know a girl. Her father is a doctor. | I know a girl whose father is a doctor. |
| The man is my uncle. His car is new. | The man whose car is new is my uncle. |
| It's a house. Its roof is red. | It's a house whose roof is red. |
- The student whose bag is on the desk is late. (把書包放在桌上的那個學生遲到了。)
- We hired a designer whose portfolio impressed everyone. (我們雇用了一位作品集讓所有人都印象深刻的設計師。)
- I have a friend whose brother works at NASA. (我有一個哥哥在 NASA 工作的朋友。)
B. 人的所有格 — whose 專用
當先行詞是人時，所有格關係代名詞只能用 whose，of which 則是事物先行詞專用。
| 先行詞 | 關係子句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a woman | whose + 名詞 | a woman whose voice is beautiful |
| the boy | whose + 名詞 | the boy whose bike was stolen |
| people | whose + 名詞 | people whose opinions matter |
- I met a writer whose novel won the prize. (我遇到了一位小說得獎的作家。)
- The teacher whose class I took retired last year. (我上過他課的那位老師去年退休了。)
- She works with colleagues whose skills she respects. (她和一群她敬重其實力的同事一起工作。)
- He is the guy whose sister moved to Berlin. (他就是那個妹妹搬到柏林去的男生。)
C. 事物的所有格 — whose 或 of which
事物先行詞用 whose 和 of which 都可以，但 of which 的書面語色彩很強，在會話中即使是事物也用 whose 比較自然。
| 形態 | 例句 | 語感 |
|---|---|---|
| whose + 名詞 | a book whose cover is red | 自然 |
| the 名詞 + of which | a book the cover of which is red | 書面語 |
| of which + the 名詞 | a book of which the cover is red | 書面語 |
- This is the theory whose implications are debated. (這是一個含意受到爭論的理論。)
- This is the theory the implications of which are debated. (這是一個含意受到爭論的理論。)
- I bought a table whose legs are made of oak. (我買了一張桌腳用橡木做的桌子。)
- We visited a temple whose walls are covered with paintings. (我們參觀了一座牆上滿是畫作的寺廟。)
重點整理
- 1whose 後面不加冠詞(a/the)也不加所有格，直接接名詞，而那個名詞在子句裡擔任主詞或受詞，請遵守這條形態規則。(例: a girl whose father is a doctor)
- 2先行詞是人時所有格只能用 whose，of which 則是事物專用，請記住這個區分。(例: a man whose name I forgot)
- 3事物先行詞用 whose 和 of which 都可以，但會話中 whose 比較自然，of which 帶有正式、書面語的感覺，請掌握這種語感。(例: a book whose cover is red)
- 4中文「~的~是…的」這種把所有格與修飾疊在一起的說法，在英語裡用 whose + 名詞一整塊來處理，知道這一點翻譯起來就會輕鬆許多。(例: 爸爸是醫生的女孩 = a girl whose father is a doctor)
例句
I know a girl whose father owns a bakery.
我認識一個爸爸開麵包店的女孩。
The man whose car was stolen called the police.
車子被偷的那個男人報了警。
We hired a designer whose work speaks for itself.
我們雇用了一位作品本身就足以說明一切的設計師。
She has a friend whose brother lives in Berlin.
她有一個哥哥住在柏林的朋友。
The writer whose novel won the prize is only 25.
小說得獎的那位作家才二十五歲。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
I know a girl whose father is a doctor.
The man whose car was stolen called the police.
This is a book whose cover is red.
She has a friend whose brother lives in Berlin.
I met a writer whose novel won the prize.