進階 · Unit 45
比較 — not as ~ as = 比較級 than = less than
not as as, 比較級 than, less than 這三個句型是從不同角度表達同一個情況的相互轉換關係，A 不如 B 這個事實可以用這三種方式自由替換。
概念說明
not as ~ as, 比較級 than, less than 這三個句型是從不同角度表達同一個情況的相互轉換關係，A 不如 B 這個事實可以用這三種方式自由替換。
A. not as ~ as — 原級否定的方式
not as + 原級 + as 的意思是「前面的對象沒有後面的對象那麼…」，做法是原級維持不變，只在前面加上 not。一般動詞的句子則用 don't / doesn't 來否定。
| 形態 | 例子 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| A is not as + 原級 + as B | This is not as expensive as that. | 這個沒有那個那麼貴 |
| A doesn't + 動詞 + as + 原級 + as B | He doesn't run as fast as me. | 他跑得沒有我那麼快 |
- The coffee here is not as strong as at the other cafe. (這裡的咖啡沒有另一家咖啡店那麼濃。)
- Today isn't as hot as yesterday. (今天沒有昨天那麼熱。)
- He doesn't work as hard as his colleagues. (他工作沒有同事們那麼努力。)
B. 比較級 than — 反轉方向的方式
把 not as ~ as 的句子裡主詞和比較對象的位置對調，再用比較級 + than 重寫，意思完全相同。not as ~ as = 比較級 than (換位) = less than (不換位) 這三種方式的等價關係就是本單元的核心。
| 原本的句子 (not as ~ as) | 轉換成比較級 than |
|---|---|
| This is not as expensive as that. | That is more expensive than this. |
| Anna isn't as tall as her sister. | Her sister is taller than Anna. |
| I don't run as fast as him. | He runs faster than me. |
- This car isn't as fast as that one. → That car is faster than this one. (那輛車比這輛車快。)
- The exam isn't as difficult as last year's. → Last year's exam was more difficult than this one. (去年的考試比這次難。)
- He doesn't cook as well as his wife. → His wife cooks better than him. (他太太做菜比他好。)
C. less than — 劣等比較的方式
less + 原級 + than 是主詞和對象的位置完全維持不變、卻能表達同樣意思的劣等比較方式，只要在前面加上 less 就好，優點是句子結構完全不用改動。
| 三種表達 | 例子 (意思相同) |
|---|---|
| not as ~ as | This is not as expensive as that. |
| 比較級 than (換位) | That is more expensive than this. |
| less than (不換位) | This is less expensive than that. |
- This book is not as interesting as that one. = This book is less interesting than that one. (這本書比那本書沒那麼有趣。)
- Today isn't as cold as yesterday. = Today is less cold than yesterday. (今天比昨天沒那麼冷。)
- He doesn't study as hard as his sister. = He studies less hard than his sister. (他讀書比姊姊沒那麼用功。)
- The new phone is not as expensive as the old one. = The new phone is less expensive than the old one. (新手機比舊的那支沒那麼貴。)
重點整理
- 1not as ~ as, 比較級 than, less than 這三個句型是把同一個情況用三種方式表達的等價關係。(例: A is not as tall as B = B is taller than A = A is less tall than B.)
- 2把 not as ~ as 改寫成比較級 than 時，主詞和比較對象的位置一定要對調。(例: This isn't as expensive as that → That is more expensive than this.)
- 3改寫成 less than 時位置維持不變，只要把 not as ~ as 換成 less + 原級 + than 就可以了。(例: This isn't as cold as that = This is less cold than that.)
- 4not as ~ as 句型裡的原級部分絕對不能改成 -er 或 more。(例: not as tall as / X: not as taller as)
- 5中文的「沒有~那麼…」「不如~」「比~沒那麼…」全都可以自然地對應到這三個句型的其中一個。(例: 沒有~那麼… → not as ~ as)
例句
This book is not as interesting as that one.
這本書沒有那本書那麼有趣。
That book is more interesting than this one.
那本書比這本書有趣。
This book is less interesting than that one.
這本書比那本書沒那麼有趣。
Anna is not as tall as her sister.
Anna 沒有她姊姊那麼高。
Her sister is taller than Anna.
她姊姊比 Anna 高。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
This is not as expensive as that.
This isn't as tall as that.
He doesn't run as fast as me.
This is less expensive than that.
This isn't as expensive as that → That is more expensive than this.