Perbandingan - not as ~ as = bentuk perbandingan than = less than
Tiga pola not as as, bentuk perbandingan than, dan less than saling dapat ditukar karena menyatakan keadaan yang sama dari sudut yang berbeda, sehingga kenyataan bahwa A kalah dari B bisa ditulis bebas dengan tiga cara.
Penjelasan
Tiga pola not as ~ as, bentuk perbandingan than, dan less than saling dapat ditukar karena menyatakan keadaan yang sama dari sudut yang berbeda, sehingga kenyataan bahwa A kalah dari B bisa ditulis bebas dengan tiga cara.
A. not as ~ as — cara mengingkari bentuk asal
not as + bentuk asal + as berarti 'hal yang di depan tidak se… hal yang di belakang', dan dibuat hanya dengan membubuhkan not di depannya sambil membiarkan bentuk asalnya. Pada kalimat berkata kerja biasa, pengingkarannya memakai don't / doesn't.
| Bentuk | Contoh | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| A is not as + bentuk asal + as B | This is not as expensive as that. | ini tidak semahal itu |
| A doesn't + kata kerja + as + bentuk asal + as B | He doesn't run as fast as me. | dia tidak berlari secepat saya |
- The coffee here is not as strong as at the other cafe. (Kopi di sini tidak sepekat di kafe yang satu lagi.)
- Today isn't as hot as yesterday. (Hari ini tidak sepanas kemarin.)
- He doesn't work as hard as his colleagues. (Dia tidak bekerja segiat rekan-rekannya.)
B. Perbandingan than — cara membalik arah
Kalimat not as ~ as menjadi sama artinya kalau posisi subjek dan pembandingnya ditukar lalu ditulis ulang dengan bentuk perbandingan + than. Kesetaraan tiga cara not as ~ as = perb. than (tukar) = less than (tetap) itulah inti unit ini.
| Kalimat asal (not as ~ as) | Diubah ke bentuk perbandingan than |
|---|---|
| This is not as expensive as that. | That is more expensive than this. |
| Anna isn't as tall as her sister. | Her sister is taller than Anna. |
| I don't run as fast as him. | He runs faster than me. |
- This car isn't as fast as that one. → That car is faster than this one. (Mobil itu lebih cepat daripada mobil ini.)
- The exam isn't as difficult as last year's. → Last year's exam was more difficult than this one. (Ujian tahun lalu lebih sulit daripada ujian kali ini.)
- He doesn't cook as well as his wife. → His wife cooks better than him. (Istrinya memasak lebih enak daripada dia.)
C. less than — cara perbandingan lebih rendah
less + bentuk asal + than adalah cara perbandingan lebih rendah yang menyatakan arti sama sambil membiarkan posisi subjek dan pembandingnya, dan karena cukup dibubuhi less di depannya, susunan kalimatnya tidak berubah sama sekali.
| Tiga ungkapan | Contoh (arti sama) |
|---|---|
| not as ~ as | This is not as expensive as that. |
| bentuk perbandingan than (tukar posisi) | That is more expensive than this. |
| less than (posisi tetap) | This is less expensive than that. |
- This book is not as interesting as that one. = This book is less interesting than that one. (Buku ini kurang menarik daripada buku itu.)
- Today isn't as cold as yesterday. = Today is less cold than yesterday. (Hari ini kurang dingin daripada kemarin.)
- He doesn't study as hard as his sister. = He studies less hard than his sister. (Dia belajar kurang giat daripada kakak perempuannya.)
- The new phone is not as expensive as the old one. = The new phone is less expensive than the old one. (Ponsel baru itu kurang mahal daripada yang lama.)
Poin penting
- 1Tiga pola not as ~ as, bentuk perbandingan than, dan less than setara karena menyatakan keadaan yang sama dengan tiga cara. (Contoh: A is not as tall as B = B is taller than A = A is less tall than B.)
- 2Saat mengubah not as ~ as menjadi bentuk perbandingan than, posisi subjek dan pembandingnya wajib ditukar. (Contoh: This isn't as expensive as that → That is more expensive than this.)
- 3Saat mengubahnya menjadi less than, posisinya dibiarkan dan cukup mengganti not as ~ as dengan less + bentuk asal + than. (Contoh: This isn't as cold as that = This is less cold than that.)
- 4Pada pola not as ~ as, bagian bentuk asalnya sama sekali tidak boleh diubah menjadi -er atau more. (Contoh: not as tall as / X: not as taller as)
- 5Ungkapan bahasa Indonesia 'tidak se… ~', 'kalah … dari ~', dan 'kurang … daripada ~' semuanya dapat dialihkan secara wajar ke salah satu dari tiga pola ini. (Contoh: tidak se… ~ → not as ~ as)