Perbandingan - not as ~ as = bentuk perbandingan than = less than
Tiga binaan not as as, bentuk perbandingan than dan less than mempunyai hubungan saling tukar yang menyatakan keadaan yang sama daripada sudut yang berlainan, jadi hakikat bahawa A kurang daripada B boleh ditulis semula…
Penerangan
Tiga binaan not as ~ as, bentuk perbandingan than dan less than mempunyai hubungan saling tukar yang menyatakan keadaan yang sama daripada sudut yang berlainan, jadi hakikat bahawa A kurang daripada B boleh ditulis semula dengan bebas dalam tiga cara.
A. not as ~ as — nafi bentuk asal
not as + bentuk asal + as bermaksud 'perkara di hadapan tidak mencapai darjah perkara di belakang', dan dibina dengan menambah not sahaja di hadapan sambil mengekalkan bentuk asal. Dalam ayat yang berkata kerja biasa, penafiannya menggunakan don't / doesn't.
| Bentuk | Contoh | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| A is not as + bentuk asal + as B | This is not as expensive as that. | ini tidak semahal itu |
| A doesn't + kata kerja + as + bentuk asal + as B | He doesn't run as fast as me. | dia tidak berlari sepantas saya |
- The coffee here is not as strong as at the other cafe. (Kopi di sini tidak sepekat kopi di kafe yang satu lagi.)
- Today isn't as hot as yesterday. (Hari ini tidak sepanas semalam.)
- He doesn't work as hard as his colleagues. (Dia tidak bekerja serajin rakan-rakan sekerjanya.)
B. Perbandingan than — membalikkan arah
Ayat not as ~ as membawa makna yang sama apabila subjek bertukar tempat dengan perkara yang dibandingkan lalu ditulis semula dengan bentuk perbandingan + than. not as ~ as = more than (tukar) = less than (kekal) Hubungan setara antara tiga cara inilah inti unit ini.
| Ayat asal (not as ~ as) | Ditukar kepada perbandingan than |
|---|---|
| This is not as expensive as that. | That is more expensive than this. |
| Anna isn't as tall as her sister. | Her sister is taller than Anna. |
| I don't run as fast as him. | He runs faster than me. |
- This car isn't as fast as that one. → That car is faster than this one. (Kereta itu lebih laju daripada kereta ini.)
- The exam isn't as difficult as last year's. → Last year's exam was more difficult than this one. (Peperiksaan tahun lalu lebih sukar daripada yang ini.)
- He doesn't cook as well as his wife. → His wife cooks better than him. (Isterinya memasak lebih baik daripadanya.)
C. less than — perbandingan kurang
less + bentuk asal + than ialah cara perbandingan kurang yang menyatakan makna yang sama sambil mengekalkan kedudukan subjek dan perkara yang dibandingkan, dan kelebihannya ialah susunan ayat tidak berubah kerana hanya less ditambah di hadapan.
| Tiga ungkapan | Contoh (makna sama) |
|---|---|
| not as ~ as | This is not as expensive as that. |
| perbandingan than (tukar tempat) | That is more expensive than this. |
| less than (kekal tempat) | This is less expensive than that. |
- This book is not as interesting as that one. = This book is less interesting than that one. (Buku ini kurang menarik daripada buku itu.)
- Today isn't as cold as yesterday. = Today is less cold than yesterday. (Hari ini kurang sejuk daripada semalam.)
- He doesn't study as hard as his sister. = He studies less hard than his sister. (Dia belajar kurang rajin daripada kakaknya.)
- The new phone is not as expensive as the old one. = The new phone is less expensive than the old one. (Telefon baharu itu kurang mahal daripada yang lama.)
Perkara penting
- 1Tiga binaan not as ~ as, bentuk perbandingan than dan less than mempunyai hubungan setara yang menyatakan keadaan yang sama dalam tiga cara. (Contoh: A is not as tall as B = B is taller than A = A is less tall than B.)
- 2Apabila not as ~ as ditukar kepada bentuk perbandingan than, kedudukan subjek dengan perkara yang dibandingkan mesti ditukar ganti. (Contoh: This isn't as expensive as that → That is more expensive than this.)
- 3Apabila ditukar kepada less than pula, kedudukannya dikekalkan dan not as ~ as digantikan dengan less + bentuk asal + than sahaja. (Contoh: This isn't as cold as that = This is less cold than that.)
- 4Dalam binaan not as ~ as, bahagian bentuk asal tidak sekali-kali ditukar kepada -er atau more. (Contoh: not as tall as / X: not as taller as)
- 5Ungkapan bahasa Melayu 'tidak se~ itu', 'tidak sehebat ~' dan 'kurang ~ daripada' semuanya boleh dipindahkan secara semula jadi kepada salah satu daripada tiga binaan ini. (Contoh: tidak se~ itu → not as ~ as)