進階 · Unit 25
分詞構句 — 做法
分詞構句是省略副詞子句的連接詞和主詞、把動詞改成分詞(-ing) 的縮短形式，藉由前後文傳達時間、原因、同時動作、連續動作、條件、讓步的意思。
概念說明
分詞構句是省略副詞子句的連接詞和主詞、把動詞改成分詞(-ing) 的縮短形式，藉由前後文傳達時間、原因、同時動作、連續動作、條件、讓步的意思。
A. 分詞構句的做法 — 三個步驟
分詞構句是刪掉副詞子句的連接詞、兩個子句主詞相同時刪掉副詞子句的主詞、再把副詞子句的動詞改成 -ing，用這三個步驟造出來的。順序是 省略連接詞、主詞 → 動詞改成 -ing。
| 步驟 | 原文 | 處理 |
|---|---|---|
| 0. 副詞子句 | When I walked down the street, I met an old friend. | 原句 |
| 1. 省略連接詞 | I walked down the street, I met an old friend. | 刪掉 When |
| 2. 省略主詞 | walked down the street, I met an old friend. | 刪掉 I |
| 3. 動詞 → -ing | Walking down the street, I met an old friend. | walked → Walking |
- When she saw me, she smiled. → Seeing me, she smiled. (一看到我，她就笑了。)
- As I opened the door, I heard a strange sound. → Opening the door, I heard a strange sound. (我一打開門，就聽到奇怪的聲音。)
- Because he felt sick, he stayed home. → Feeling sick, he stayed home. (因為身體不舒服，他待在家裡。)
B. 主動的分詞構句 — 現在分詞形態
副詞子句的動詞是主動時，直接改成 -ing 形態就好。be 動詞改成 Being，一般動詞則改成該動詞的 -ing 形。
| 副詞子句 | 分詞構句 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| When I walk ... | Walking ... | 一邊~、~的時候 |
| Because he is tired | Being tired | 因為很累 |
| As she smiled | Smiling | 一邊微笑著 |
| After I finished ... | Finishing ... | 做完~之後 |
- Walking to school, I met my teacher. (走路去學校的時候遇到了老師。)
- Being very busy, she couldn't answer the phone. (因為非常忙，她沒辦法接電話。)
- Smiling brightly, the child ran to her mother. (那個孩子燦爛地笑著跑向媽媽。)
- Finishing his coffee, he stood up. (喝完咖啡之後他站了起來。)
C. 分詞構句的意思 — 由前後文決定
分詞構句沒有連接詞，意思由前後文決定，可以表達時間、原因、同時動作、連續動作、條件、讓步這六種意思。
| 意思 | 原本的連接詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 時間 | when·as·after·while | Arriving at the station, I called her. |
| 原因 | because·as·since | Being tired, he went to bed. |
| 同時動作 | while·as | Watching TV, she ate dinner. |
| 連續動作 | and | Opening the box, he found a letter. |
| 條件 | if | Turning left, you'll see the bank. |
| 讓步 | though·although | Living next door, we rarely meet. |
- Arriving home late, I went straight to bed. (因為很晚才到家，我就直接去睡了。)
- Not knowing what to do, she asked her father. (因為不知道該怎麼辦，她就去問了爸爸。)
- Reading a book, he sipped his tea. (他一邊看書，一邊喝茶。)
- Living in Seoul for ten years, he still gets lost. (雖然在首爾住了十年，他還是會迷路。)
重點整理
- 1分詞構句的做法是省略連接詞 → 省略主詞(兩個子句主詞相同時) → 動詞改成 -ing 這三個步驟。(例: When I walked → Walking)
- 2只有兩個子句主詞相同時才會省略副詞子句的主詞，主詞不同時就要把主詞留在分詞前面，成為獨立分詞構句。(例: The sun setting, we left the beach.)
- 3分詞構句沒有連接詞，意思只能由前後文決定，所以要在時間、原因、同時動作、連續動作、條件、讓步之中，選一個自然的解讀。
- 4在口語和寫作中，時間、原因、同時動作這三種是壓倒性常用的類型。(例: Walking to work, I listen to podcasts.)
- 5中文的「一邊~」、「因為~」、「~著」、「~之後」都可以用分詞構句這一種形態來表達。(例: 「因為很累」 → Being tired.)
例句
Walking down the street, I saw an old friend.
走在路上的時候，我看到了一位老朋友。
Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
因為覺得累，她很早就上床睡覺了。
Opening the door, he found a package.
打開門，他發現了一個包裹。
Listening to music, she cleaned her room.
她一邊聽音樂，一邊打掃房間。
Turning left, you will see the post office.
向左轉，你就會看到郵局。
這個單元還有更多例句。註冊後可以看完整內容並聆聽發音。
容易犯的錯誤
Walking down the street, I met a friend.
Walking down the street, I met a friend.
Walking to school, I saw a cat.
Being tired, he went to bed.
Not knowing what to do, I asked her.